The effect of phosphoric acid on the positive electrode reaction in a leadacid battery is studied by cyclic voltammetry. It is proposed that phosphate reversibly adsorbs on the PbO2 during charge, and modifies the crystal growth of PbO2 on the lead grid. The form of PbO2 produced in the presence of phosphate is not easily reduced to lead sulfate and, therefore, the positive grid does not become insulated from the active material. The limit of this effect is reached at a low concentration of phosphoric acid.

The kinetics and mechanism of the self‐discharge reaction in a sealed, lead‐acid cell have been investigated. The unique cell design and the purity of the materials used produce a slower rate of self‐discharge and a different mechanism than the traditional lead‐acid battery. Particular attention is given to the effects of expander composition and phosphoric acid concentration on the reaction. Rates of the reaction are determined for temperatures in the range of 35°–65°C.

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