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Experimentally determined elements in human blood serum Diseases and conditions in which analysis of trace elements may be of aid in diagnosis, or disclose abnormalities Elements for which AA has a detection limit lower than AE by at least a factor of 5 Elements for which AE has a detection limit lower than AA by at least a factor of 5 Elements for which AE and AA have comparable detection limits Detection limits for nonflame spectrophotometric methods Approximate detection limits for elements detectable by DC arc sources Colorimetric lower detection limits Fluorimetric lower detection limits X-ray fluorescence detection limits SSMS calculated limits of detection for some elements in an iron matrix Estimated detection limits for SSMS with photographic plates as detectors Sensitivities for elements by chelation coupled with CIMS Detection limits with anodic stripping voltammetry and differential pulse polarography Metal chelates separated by GC 40 45 64 V NAA detection limits Elemental detection limits in blood with instrumental NAA Criteria for an ideal analytical method Boiling points of halides which could form during wet ashing Stock solutions used in the production of carriers and standards Elements comprising tracer solution used in capsulation experiments Composition of typical carrier solutions used throughout the project Elements tested for sorption on various HAP materials Elements identified in digest remaining after "wet ashing" CFQ T21 quartz Ratio of specific activities of nuclides common to Amercil Quartz and Biological Samples Quantitative results for elements common to CFQ T21 quartz, bovine liver, and U.K. master mix blood Masses of elements contained in 4.8l g of two kinds of synthetic silica glass Spectrum of digested bovine liver decontaminated by elution through AG2-X8j in the bromine form, with concentrated hydrobromic acid eluent: sample decay time = 5.30 days; sample counting time = 3.

Nonessential elements are, conversely, those trace elements detected in the human body which have not been found to serve in any physiological capacity. It should be noted that in 1971 there were roughly twelve trace elements recognized as essential (1), and presently some sixteen trace elements are so classified (5). With the de•velopment of more sensitive analytical techniq~es, the number of essential trace elements is expected to increase.The body regulates the levels of the various elements, both essential and nonessential, within specific limits. Abnormalities associated with the essential trace elements may be caused by a specific deficiency (from dietary inadequacies, imbalances, or the result of other diseases) or. accumulation of innately toxic concentrations of trace elements from the environment. While disease states due to the deficiency, as opposed to the excess of an essential trace element, are more prevalent, practically all concern with nonessential trace elements is with respect to the physiological effects of accumulating excesses. Since excursions in the concentrations of trace elements outside of normal ranges are theoretically detectable by an appropriately .sensitive technique, the diagnosis and treatment of human disorders based on changes in the levels of trace elements in the body is feasible. aUnderlined elements are considered causal factors in the diseases.