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Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States are facing turbulent environments that include increased accountability and assessment measures, competition, state mandates, declining budgets, changes in the classroom and pedagogical landscape, and diminutive endowments. These factors are further heightened by an ongoing debate regarding the relevance of HBCUs and a paradigm shift that calls for more entrepreneurial-based leadership in the decision-making process and businessbased strategies aimed at institutional survival. However, HBCU leadership, which often ascends from the faculty ranks, does not possess the business degrees or marketing experience that would equip them for the evolving and complex demands of the higher education marketplace. To assist HBCU leadership in navigating the market-driven environment in higher education, this descriptive study explores the factors and issues critical to the survival and sustainability of HBCUs from the perspective of HBCU business deans. Business-based recommendations and strategies conclude this article.

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The South Central Louisiana Petroleum Economy received an economic rent from its petroleum resources during the energy crisis of the 1970s and early 80s. A differential export-base model incorporating a geometric lag was developed for estimating dynamic employment multipliers. This technique is especially applicable to regional economies in which exports are a major economic factor. Employment multipliers were estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Results from the analysis indicate that agriculture, oil and gas mining, and manufacturing are highly significant employment generators. Both long-run and short-run employment multipliers were derived from the model. It is estimated that a five-dollar change in the real price of crude oil will result in a long-run employment change of 8,027 for the oil and gas mining industry. Based on estimates of the long-run multiplier, this will result in a total employment change of 28,014 for this economy.HE LOUISIANA ECONOMY HAS RELIED on industries that are

Deregulation is having a major impact on all aspects of firm behavior in the banking industry. Bankers now find themselves in a more competitive environment which may require different operating rules for firm growth and profitability. To understand the types of adjustments that are taking place in this market, a national survey of 410 commercial bank chief executive officers (CEOs) was conducted and results analyzed. The primary objective of this analysis was to estimate the impact that deregulation has had on the CEO selection criteria within the banking industry. Bank CEOs were divided into groups based on tenure in office to measure the influence of deregulation on the selection process. A key result of this analysis suggests that the most recently selected CEOs view the ability to manage and motivate, and communication skills as relatively more important in their selection in comparison to the most tenured bankers. While change has occurred in the selection criteria,experience in the loan officer position is still considered a major asset for anyone seeking to become a bank CEO.