Intestinal metaplasia identifies Barrett's esophagus (BE) and is associated with an increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dysplasia occurs as an intermediate step. However, progression from metaplasia to neoplasia without the demonstration of dysplasia has been described. The role of dual‐parameter flow cytometry (FC) as a predictor of neoplastic risk in dysplasia‐free cases was evaluated. DNA/protein FC and histology were performed on 362 samples from 30 dysplasia‐free BE patients, followed up since 1985 once every 1–2 years. Nine cases were aneuploid, five of which (group IV) were frankly aneuploid; in the other four cases (group III), aneuploidy was detectable by dual‐parameter analysis only. Twenty‐one patients were diploid. Twelve (group II) also had an abnormally high G1‐phase protein content compared to group I (nine patients), which were diploid with a low‐moderate protein content. In three patients of group IV an adenocarcinoma in situ was diagnosed, after 5, 6, and 10 years, respectively. In two patients of group III, a low‐ and a high‐grade dysplasia were observed at 3 and 6 years follow‐up, respectively. One patient of group I first acquired a high protein content, then an aneuploid DNA content, and then progressed to adenocarcinoma (12 years). None of the still diploid patients (17 cases) have progressed to dysplasia or cancer compared with 6 of 13 presently aneuploid patients (P < 0.01). In conclusion, DNA/protein FC is a marker of increased malignant potential and thus may be used to detect patients at higher risk in dysplasia‐free BE and assist in understanding the various stages of malignant transformation in long‐term follow‐up studies. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 34:257–263, 1998.  © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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BACKGROUNDOrgan preservation has been investigated in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder carcinoma over the past decades as an alternative to radical cystectomy. The majority of studies reported that trimodal schedules, including transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB), radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy, are a feasible and safe organ‐sparing approach without deferring the survival probability. However, to the authors' knowledge the best combination of RT and chemotherapy has yet to be well defined. The current study evaluated the long‐term results of a schedule of concurrent cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) administered as protracted intravenous infusions (PVI) during hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with organ‐sparing intent in patients with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB).METHODSSeventy‐seven patients with a classification of T2–T4aN0M0 TCCB were enrolled in the current study. After a complete TURB and bladder mapping, 42 of 77 patients underwent 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy. All 77 patients underwent HFRT and a schedule of cisplatin (4–6 mg/m2 per day) and 5‐FU (180–220 mg/m2 per day) as concomitant PVI (radiochemotherapy [RCT]). Six to 8 weeks after RCT, patient response was evaluated by computed tomography scan, urine cytology, and TURB. Patients who achieved a complete response (CR) were followed at regular intervals. For patients with residual or recurrent invasive tumor, salvage cystectomy was recommended.RESULTSSeventy‐two patients were evaluable for response: 65 achieved a CR (90.3%) and 7 (9.7%) achieved a partial response. No significant difference was observed for the different prognostic factors with the exception of stage of disease (T2 [95.7%] vs. T3–T4a [80.0%]; P = 0.04). The observed toxicity, mainly hematologic, was higher among the patients who received induction chemotherapy compared with the patients who did not receive induction chemotherapy, even though the difference was not statistically significant. After a median follow‐up of 82.2 months (range, 30–138 months), 44 of 65 (57.1%) patients who achieved a CR were alive. Of these 44 patients, 33 had tumor‐free bladders. The 5‐year overall, bladder‐intact, tumor‐specific, disease‐free, and cystectomy‐free survival rates for all 77 patients were 58.5%, 46.6%, 75.0%, 53.5%, and 76.1%, respectively. No associations were observed in overall and tumor‐specific survival with different prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONSCombined treatment appeared to provide high response rates and can be offered as an alternative option to radical cystectomy in selected patients who refuse or are unsuitable for surgery. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

In order to determine retrospectively the impact of some cytometric and immunohistochemical parameters on the overall survival of gastric cancer patients treated with surgery alone, paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from 137 gastric carcinoma patients undergoing curative resection from 1987–1993 were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry (p53, c‐erbB‐2, and PCNA expression). FCM‐derived parameters were DNA ploidy and fraction of S‐phase cells (SPF). Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the prognostic significance of the conventional clinicopathologic findings together with the flow cytometric and immunohistochemical parameters on overall survival. When all parameters were entered simultaneously into the Cox regression model, stage and DNA ploidy (DNA index >1.35) clearly emerged as the only independent prognostic factors. When the stages were analysed separately, the independent prognostic factors resulted DNA ploidy in early stages (I–II) and grading in stage IIIA tumors. For stage IIIB tumors, no independent prognostic factor was found. These results indicate that the DNA ploidy pattern is a valuable predictor of survival in curatively resected gastric cancer patients, especially when less advanced tumors are taken into consideration.Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 42:27–34, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.