Abstract. The Islamic cultural heritage of China, as the historical mark of the spread of Islam in China, not only holds historical-cultural, scientific, and artistic value but also serves modern functions such as patriotic education and tourism. This research on the temporal-spatial distribution of the Islamic cultural heritage enrolled in cultural relics protection units in China found that Islamic cultural heritage in China can be characterised as being of 'large distribution and high concentration' in space, and most of them date back to the Ming-and-Qing era. The evolution of the Islamic cultural heritage in China can be divided into four historical stages: it was first distributed along the southern coast in the Tang-and-Song era, next expanded to most areas of China except for the southwest and northeast in the Yuan era, then spread to the whole of China in the Ming-and-Qing era, and finally slightly developed as a whole, and concentrically distributed in the northwest and northeast in modern times. The distribution of these heritage sites depended on three historical-cultural factors: the propagation conditions of Islam, the policy and attitude of governors, and awareness of Islam missionary work and Islamic nationality.