Background: Altered bone morphologies are considered risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to investigate bone morphological characteristics as risk factors for ACL tears in contact injuries and compare these factors with those for noncontact ACL injuries. We hypothesized that altered bone morphologies would also be risk factors for contact ACL injury. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Enrolled were patients who underwent primary ACL reconstructions between January 2000 and December 2021 within 6 weeks after injury. Patients in the ACL group were classified according to injury mechanism (contact vs noncontact). During the same period, a control group of patients matched by age, height, and body mass index to the ACL group was selected. The lateral femoral condylar ratio (LFCR), notch width index (NWI), and lateral posterior tibial slope (PTS) were measured. Measured parameters were compared between the control, contact, and noncontact groups using analysis of variance. Results: There were 86 patients in the control group, 102 patients in the contact ACL group, and 105 patients in the noncontact ACL group. The demographic characteristics of the 3 groups did not differ significantly. The contact group had significantly higher LFCRs and lower NWIs compared with the control group ( P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The noncontact group had significantly higher LFCRs and PTSs and lower NWIs compared with the control group ( P = .031; P < .001; and P < .001, respectively). The noncontact group had significantly higher PTSs and lower NWIs compared with the contact group ( P = .003 and P =.014, respectively). In the contact group, the LFCR, PTS, and NWI were significant risk factors for ACL tears (odds ratio [OR], 1.25 [ P < .001]; OR, 1.16 [ P = .008]; and OR, 1.27 [ P = .001], respectively), and in the noncontact group, the PTS and NWI were significant risk factors for ACL tears (OR, 1.20 [ P < .001]; OR, 1.59 [ P < .001], respectively). Conclusion: Altered bone morphological characteristics of the knee were found to be risk factors for ACL tears in contact injuries as well as noncontact injuries. Altered morphology has a more significant effect in noncontact ACL injuries.

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Purpose: No consensus is made for preoperative skin antisepsis for upper extremity surgery. We aimed to determine if the use of povidone-iodine only (single regimen) instead of povidone-iodine and alcohol-chlorhexidine (triple regimen) resulted in an increased rate of surgical site infection (SSI), and to detect any associated factors that increased the infection risk.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective review of medical records was made for patients who underwent upper extremity surgery from March 2020 and February 2021. Either single or triple regimen was used for preoperative skin antisepsis. Rate of SSI was compared through marked elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) at 2 weeks after surgery, superficial SSI, and deep SSI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the associated factors for the SSI among the evaluated parameters.Results: Among 175 patients (male, 81 and female, 94), single regimen was used in 78 patients (44.6%) and triple regimen in 97 patients (55.4%). Single regimen (odds ratio [OR], 2.425; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.040–5.655) and surgical procedure using metal implant (OR, 3.602; 95% CI, 1.184–10.953) were significantly associated with the marked CRP elevation at 2 weeks. However, there was no difference in SSI rates between single and triple regimen. Diabetes mellitus (OR, 6.636; 95% CI, 1.259–34.969) was the only associating factor with superficial SSI through logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: Our study suggests that single regimen maintained a longer CRP elevation compared to the triple regimen, but was similarly effective in preventing SSI for upper extremity surgeries.