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A novel strain, designated Jip 10 T , isolated from dried rice straw, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. The isolate was Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, heterotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate clustered with the genus Mucilaginibacter in the phylum Bacteroidetes. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Jip 10 T and the type strains of Mucilaginibacter gracilis and Mucilaginibacter paludis were 93.7 and 93.6 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 48.1 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone MK-7 and major fatty acids iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c)] supported the affiliation of strain Jip 10 T to the genus Mucilaginibacter. However, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain Jip 10 T from other Mucilaginibacter species with validly published names. Therefore, strain Jip 10 T (5KCTC 12639 T 5LMG 23488 T ) was classified in the genus Mucilaginibacter as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed.The genus Mucilaginibacter was proposed by Pankratov et al. (2007) to accommodate species characterized by Gramnegative, non-motile rods that are facultatively aerobic, produce large amounts of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), are capable of fermenting glucose and sucrose, hydrolyse pectin, xylan, laminarin, chondroitin 6-sulfate, gellan gum, pullulan and starch, are negative for H 2 S production from thiosulfate or indole from tryptophan and contain iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c) as major fatty acids and MK-7 as major menaquinone. At the time of writing, it comprises two recognized species, Mucilaginibacter paludis and Mucilaginibacter gracilis (Pankratov et al

The taxonomic position of a novel bacterial strain, Ch06T, isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was determined. Strain Ch06T was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile and oxidase- and catalase-positive. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed a clear affiliation of strain Ch06T to the Alphaproteobacteria and it was most closely related to Zoogloea ramigera ATCC 19623 and Mycoplana dimorpha IAM 13154T (97·9 and 96·3 % sequence similarity, respectively). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, 3-OH C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 7 (C18 : 1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t, C18 : 1 ω7c/ω9c/ω12t). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel isolate was assigned to a new genus, Shinella gen. nov., as Shinella granuli gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain Ch06T=KCTC 12237T=JCM 13254T). It is proposed that Zoogloea ramigera ATCC 19623 is reclassified into the novel genus Shinella as Shinella zoogloeoides sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 19623T=IAM 12669T=I-16-MT).

Silvimonas terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel chitindegrading facultative anaerobe belonging to the 'Betaproteobacteria' During the course of a study on the culturable aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacterial community of forest soil and rice fields near Daejeon, South Korea, a large number of novel bacterial strains were isolated. One of these isolates, strain KM-45 T , was identified as belonging to the family Neisseriaceae in the 'Betaproteobacteria' lineage and was the subject of further taxonomic investigation. We report on its taxonomic position, including genotypic, chemotaxonomic and classical phenotypic characteristics, in order to establish its phylogenetic affiliation, and propose that strain KM-45 T should be placed in a novel genus and species, for which the name Silvimonas terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain KM-45T was isolated from forest soil collected near the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South Korea. The soil was homogenized by using an Ace Homogenizer (Nihonseiki Kaisha Ltd). The suspension was spread on R2A agar plates (Difco) after being diluted serially with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7?0). The plates were incubated at 30 u C for 2 weeks. Single colonies on the plates were purified by transferring them onto new plates and incubating again under the same conditions. The isolate was cultured routinely on R2A agar at 30 uC and maintained as a glycerol suspension (20 %, w/v) at 270 u C.Extraction of genomic DNA was performed by using a commercial genomic DNA extraction kit (Core Biosystem), and PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing of the purified PCR product were carried out according to the methods given by Kim et al. (2005). The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences were compiled by using SeqMan software (DNASTAR). 16S rRNA gene sequences of related taxa were obtained from GenBank. Multiple alignments were performed by using the CLUSTAL_X program (Thompson et al., 1997). Gaps were edited in the BIOEDIT program (Hall, 1999). Evolutionary distances were calculated by using the Kimura twoparameter model (Kimura, 1983). Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the neighbour-joining (Saitou & Nei, 1987) and maximum-parsimony (Fitch, 1971) methods, using the MEGA3 program (Kumar et al., 2004) with bootstrap values based on 1000 replications (Felsenstein, 1985).A nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T was obtained (1491 bp). Preliminary comparison against the 16S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank indicated that strain T belonged to the order 'Neisseriales' of the 'Betaproteobacteria'. On the basis of 16S rRNA geneThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T is AB194302.

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