This study provides evidence that the motor network and prefrontal cortical areas of healthy adult males can be activated by 27-Hz WBVe. However, WBVe at lower frequencies did not induce significant changes in cortical activation.

Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVe) can provide proper somatosensory stimulation.• WBVe increased the cortical activity in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex.• WBVe improved gait speed and balance related to the gait function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate balance ability, isokinetic moments, and physical fitness according to the growth period from middle school to university in male taekwondo players. Thirtyfive taekwondo players (middle school, n= 11; high school, n= 15; university, n= 9) participated in this study. The anteriorposterior and medial-lateral CoP displacement at balance ability was better in university players than in high school and middle school players. The isokinetic knee joint muscle strength of the right extension and flexion % body weight (BW) at 60°/s was higher in university players than in high school players. The average power of right flexion BW at 180°/sec was higher in middle school players than in high school players. Back strength was higher in university players than in middle and high school players. The repeated jump was higher in high school players than in middle school players. The standing broad jump was higher in university players than in middle school players. The side-step was higher in university players than in high school players. The average power and total energy of anaerobic power were higher in university and high school players than in middle school players. The peak drop in anaerobic power was higher in middle school players than in high school players. Based on the results of the present study, the growth period should be considered when applying training such as balance, isokinetic moments, and physical fitness to male taekwondo players.

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