Due to the rise of commutative quaternion in Hopfield neural networks, digital signal, and image processing, one encounters the approximate solution problems of the commutative quaternion linear equations AX≈B and AXC≈B. This paper, by means of real representation and complex representation of commutative quaternion matrices, introduces concepts of norms of commutative quaternion matrices and derives two algebraic techniques for finding solutions of least squares problems in commutative quaternionic theory.

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This paper aims to present, in a unified manner, algebraic techniques for least squares problem in quaternionic and split quaternionic mechanics. This paper, by means of a complex representation and a real representation of a generalized quaternion matrix, studies generalized quaternion least squares (GQLS) problem, and derives two algebraic methods for solving the GQLS problem. This paper gives not only algebraic techniques for least squares problem over generalized quaternion algebras, but also a unification of algebraic techniques for least squares problem in quaternionic and split quaternionic theory.

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