Visitor safety is an important topic in adventure tourism but remains underexplored. Using a psychological approach, this study applies and extends Rimal and Real's risk perception attitude framework to include personality traits and emotions to understand adventure tourists' safety behaviours on site. Focusing on tidal-bore watching activities in China, this study consists of two phases: interviews with nine local stakeholders followed by a field survey involving 302 visitors.Cluster analyses were conducted and three visitors' groups were identified that varied in risk perception attitudes and safety behaviours. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the role played by worry during visitors' decision-making related to safety behaviours. Based on the findings, this study provided managerial insight for developing risk communication strategies to engage visitors in self-protective behaviour. This study also provided recommendations on how to improve visitors' safety and to protect their lives in adventure-tourism sites in China.

Soil dwelling termites dig nests in the ground that have a significant impact on the soil environment. Activities of termites can result in accumulation of organic matter and enrichment of nutrients and minerals in the soil. Samples from the nest/surrounding soils of two termite species (Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) and Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima)) and termite non-invaded soils in the seawall of the Qiantang River, Zhejiang Province, China were collected and analysed for soil pH. The results show that the observed termites prefer an acidic environment and that their activities elevate the pH of termite mound soil compared with surrounding soil. Considering the differences in the distribution areas, termite species, and properties of termite mounds and surrounding soils, this paper also examines the literature concerning the effects of termites on soil pH. After summarizing the pH of the termite survival soil environment, the feasibility of termite control by modifying the soil pH is addressed. Finally, some topics for future research are discussed.

This paper presents a set of axisymmetric analytical solutions of the thermo-elasticity field induced by the external thermal load, in a heterogeneous circular plate. The plate can be either simply supported or clamped, and the properties of the transversely isotropic material are assumed to be functions of the thickness coordinate. Three typical types of thermal boundary conditions are considered and the corresponding temperature fields are determined. A direct displacement method is used to solve the governing equations for the elastic field in plate. The displacement functions pertinent to the current problem are solved by a step-by-step procedure of integration. The corresponding integral constants are determined by using the cylindrical boundary conditions in the Saint-Venant’s sense. In the present solutions, all of the material coefficients can vary independently and continuously along the thickness direction. Numerical calculations are performed to validate the present solutions and to show their applications to a heterogeneous model. The influence of the material heterogeneity is finally addressed. Since no ad hoc hypotheses on the elastic deformations of the plate are introduced, the present solution can be a nature benchmark to various plate theories and numerical codes.

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Quantitative real-time observations of a tidal bore in a macro-tidal estuary are difficult and dangerous, particularly in large estuaries. Mathematical and numerical models have been used to predict tidal bore advances; however, to date, there have been no validations of large-scale flow patterns. A marine radar can provide valuable real-time information on tidal bore propagation. In this paper, a template matching method using a cross-correlation algorithm was explored to estimate the evolution and celerity of a tidal bore with medium resolution marine radar images. The Qiantang River tidal bore was recorded at two different geographical locations. Characteristic flow patterns were derived and analysed, including temporal changes over a relatively large-scale area. The