Public hospital reform in China since the mid 1980s has had detrimental effects on hospitals' social functions, especially the provision of care for poor people. This study of hospitals in Northern China, using a range of economic measurements, indicated that there has been an overall decline in social functions since 1985, especially in secondary and tertiary level hospitals. Reason for this include the increasingly competitive medical market in China and, under the decentralisation reforms, the imperative for hospitals to generate revenue. We put forward policies to strengthen hospital social functions, including funding for essential packages of services to specifically benefit the poor and vulnerable, and increased government subsidies to support social functions in primary level hospitals where care can be more easily accessed.

Time-delay chaotic systems with multiple positive Lyapunov exponents have been extensively studied in the field of information security. This paper proposes a new four-dimensional time-delay Lorenz system and its chaotic synchronization through the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory. The sufficient conditions for the stability of the new chaotic system are obtained by the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, and the control parameters are found to have a significant impact on the speed of synchronous convergence. Furthermore, oscillation circuit simulation is essential for contributing the chaotic system to practical applications. Accordingly, the circuits of the chaotic time-delay system and its coupled synchronous control circuit are innovatively designed by Multisim. Experiment results illustrate the behaviors of various attractors in the new time-delay Lorenz system and the effectiveness of the proposed asymptotic synchronous method.

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