Background: Vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteoporosis and increases the risk of fractures. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Asian populations, however, research focusing on the association between vitamin D deficiency and osteoporotic hip fractures, particularly in Chinese populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly Chinese patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 60 patients (aged 65 years and over) who had hip fractures.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were examined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The patients were classified into two groups based on their bone mineral density (BMD); subjects with osteoporosis (BMD t value ≤-2.5) and individuals without osteoporosis (BMD t value ≥-1.0).Serum 25OHD was further analyzed in these two groups.Results: Across all of the patients with hip fractures, approximately 10% showed vitamin D deficiency, and a further 53.33% showed vitamin D. insufficiency. Furthermore, of the patients with hip fractures, those with osteoporosis had significantly lower levels of serum 25OHD (25.43±6.35 ng/mL) compared to those patients without osteoporosis (30.70±7.17 ng/mL). The incidence of vitamin D insufficiency (66.67%) and deficiency (16.67%) was higher in the patients with osteoporosis than in those without osteoporosis (insufficiency 44.44% and deficiency 5.56%, respectively).Conclusions: Our study confirmed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in elderly patients with hip fractures in China. Our data suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in the occurrence of hip fractures in these elderly patients, and especially where patients also suffer from osteoporosis.