Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat and caused a universal psychosocial impact on the general population. Therefore, the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAPs) of the general population are critical for the development and effective implementation of standard operating procedures (SOP) to contain the contagion and minimize the losses. Therefore, the current study was conducted to understand and evaluate the KAPs of Pakistani populations toward the COVID-19.Methods: An online cross-sectional study was carried out among participants from 1 May to 30 July 2020 in different areas of Pakistan. The respondents of the study were the general population with age ≥ 18 years. The poll URL was posted on several channels after a call for participation. Other social media platforms such as WeChat, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Messenger, and LinkedIn were engaged to maximize general population engagement. The questionnaire included details about sociodemographic, knowledge about COVID-19, perceptions toward universal safety precautions of COVID-19, and beliefs attitude toward the COVID-19. The obtained data were exported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and SPSS software version 21 for windows. The descriptive statistics values were presented in frequencies and percentages. Binary logistic regression, Chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA were applied to analyze the participants' socio-demographic characteristics and variables related to KAPs. P-value < 0.05 was recorded as significant.Results: A total of 1,000 participants were invited of which 734 participated in this study. The response rate was 73.4% (734/1,000). The gender, marital status, education, and residence showed a significant association with the knowledge score. The majority of the study participants were thinking that COVID-19 may be more dangerous in elderly individuals 94.5% (n = 700), and individuals with chronic diseases or severe complications 96.7% (n = 710) (p = 0.00). More than half of the participants 52.5% (n = 385) showed their concern that either they or their family members might get the infection. More than 98% (n = 703), (P-value = 0.00) of the participants held that COVID-19 would be successfully controlled in Pakistan by following the standard SOPs and government guidelines.Conclusion: This study showed that the general population of Pakistan has good awareness and reasonable attitudes and perceptions toward the full features of the COVID-19. The current study suggests that mass-level effective health education programs are necessary for developing countries to improve and limit the gap between KAP toward COVID-19.

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An enormous amount of organic carbon is stored in northern high-latitude regions (NHLs), mostly in the subsurface (McGuire et al., 2012;Ping et al., 2008;Schuur et al., 2015). Moreover, the warming rate in NHLs over the last 30 years is almost twice as high as the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (IPCC 2013;Screen et al., 2013;Serreze et al., 2011). Continued warming in NHLs has led to permafrost degradation, which exposes substantial quantities of soil organic matter to decomposition by soil microbes (Brown & Romanovsky, 2008;Romanovsky et al., 2010;Schuur et al., 2015). These changes in NHLs have profoundly affected the carbon cycle in the land-atmosphere continuum. Ecosystem respiration, as a major component of the carbon cycle, is a biological conversion process by which consumers and primary producers convert organic carbon into carbon dioxide (Yvon-Durocher et al., 2012). Climate warming has promoted ecosystem respiration to release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which simultaneously provides positive feedbacks to global warming (

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which causes enormous economic loss and public burden to the epidemic areas. Earlier and precise diagnosis and timely culling of infected animals are crucial to prevent the infection of Brucella and the spread of the disease. In recent years, RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas12a nucleases have shown great promise in nucleic acid detection. This research aims to develop a CRISPR/CAST (CRISPR/Cas12a Test strip) package that can rapidly detect Brucella nucleic acid on-site screening, especially on the remote family pasture. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein 12a (Cas12a), the CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA), and lateral flow read-out. The CRISPR/CAST package can complete the assay of Brucella nucleic acid within 30 min under isothermal temperature conditions, with a sensitivity of 10 copies/μl, and no antigen cross-reacting against Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 , Escherichia coli O157 , Salmonella enterica serovar Urbana O:30 , and Francisella tularensis. The serum samples of 398 sheep and 100 cattle were tested by CRISPR/CAST package, of which 31 sheep and 8 cattle were Brucella DNA positive. The detection rate was consistent with the qPCR and higher than the Rose Bengal Test (RBT, 19 sheep, and 5 cattle were serum positive). CRISPR/CAST package can accurately detect the infected livestock’s Brucella DNA and accomplish within 30 min, which has the advantages of simple, fast, high sensitivity, and strong specificity, with no window period. Besides, the package needs no expensive equipment, standard laboratory, or professional operators. It is an effective tool for field screening and earlier, rapid diagnosis of Brucella infection. A package is an efficient tool for epidemic prevention and control.