Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl. is a Chinese native alpine tree species, but the problem of introducing S. pohuashanensis to low altitude areas has not been solved. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular regulatory network of S. pohuashanensis in response to high-temperature stress using RNA-Sequencing technology and physiological and biochemical determination. Based on transcriptomic data, we obtained 1221 genes (752 up-regulated and 469 down-regulated) that were differentially expressed during 8 h 43℃ treatment and candidate genes were related to calcium signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, heat shock factors, chaperones, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, cell wall modification, ROS scavenging enzymes, detoxification and energy metabolism. The analysis of high temperature response at the physiological level and biochemical level were performed. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf cells decreased, the content of osmotic regulators increased, and the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes decreased. The molecular regulatory network of S. pohuashanensis in response to high-temperature stress was preliminarily revealed in this study, which provides fundamental information improving introducing methods and discovering heat-tolerant genes involved in high-temperature stress in this species and provides a reference for other plants of the genus Sorbus.

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The E-selectin gene, a member of the selectin superfamily of adhesion molecules, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the potential relationship between E-selectin gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Three hundred fourteen ischemic stroke patients and 389 unrelated healthy controls were recruited for the study. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-rs1805193(G98T), rs5361(A561C), and rs5355(C1839T)-in the exon region of the E-selectin gene, were genotyped using a Multiplex SNaPshot sequencing assay. The data showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of G98T and C1839T SNP were similar in both ischemic stroke patients and the controls. In contrast, the frequency of both the AC genotype and the C allele of A561C was significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for other risk factors (such as hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption), the E-selectin gene AC genotype and C allele of A561C were still associated with a risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-5.76, P = 0.008; OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.58-4.94, P < 0.001, respectively). Our current study demonstrates that the E-selectin SNP A561C is associated with increased risk for the development of ischemic stroke in this subset of the Han Chinese population.

The apolipoprotein M (ApoM) gene is critical in the formation of pre-β-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol efflux to HDL. In this case and control study, 314 ischemic stroke patients and 389 healthy controls were analyzed for three ApoM gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., C-1065A, T-855C, and T-778C, using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. The genotype and allele frequencies of the T-855C were similar in both ischemic stroke patients and the controls. But the frequency of the TC genotype, the C allele of T-778C, and the A allele of the C-1065A SNPs in ischemic stroke patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls. After adjusting for confounding risk factors (such as hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption), the ApoM gene TC genotype, C allele of T-778C, and A allele of C-1065A were associated with a risk of ischemic stroke. Moreover, plasma levels of total cholesterol were significantly higher in patients with CC or CT genotypes of T-778C than those with TT genotype in the controls. The current data demonstrated that ApoM T-778 C and C-1065A SNPs were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in this Han Chinese population.