Scholarship on hate speech usually addresses racist and ethnicist discourses, and less often homophobic discourses. This article opens a conversation about sexist discourse as hate speech. In arguing that sexist discourse should be considered hate speech, I review several definitions of hate speech, one of which I use in analyzing the texts of neoconservative author William D. Gairdner. I argue that, although Gairdner's sexist discourse does not meet the legal definitions of hate speech, it is consistent with linguistic criteria for hate speech and that, since Gairdner's discourse is representative of mainstream sexist discourse, all such sexist discourse counts as hate speech. I conclude by asking why, amid all the published works on hate speech, the question of sexist discourse as hate speech is rarely even addressed. Since society still operates as if `male' and `female' were simple, self-evident categories, we, as feminists, must still respond to and challenge the sexist discourses that perpetuate and reproduce such dichotomies. One way to do that is to recognize sexist discourse as a form of hate speech and to challenge it on that basis.

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is set in the 31st century on a fictional planet settled in the year 2021 by humans from the Ozark Mountains of Earth. The inhabitants of planet Ozark utilize magic, the most important aspect of which is the Proper Naming system by which Grannys name every girl-baby. Elgin's Proper Naming system closely resembles contemporary Western numerology, in which letters are assigned numerical equivalences and significance can be assigned the name based on its number. In the novels, a great deal of attention is paid to names and naming; however, Elgin's system is incomplete and it contains inconsistencies that ultimately detract from the overall elegance of the system.

Rewriting Language: How Literary Texts Can Promote Inclusive Language Use Christiane Luck (2020) London: UCL Press, 204 pp.