Influenza subtypes continue to change, causing disease in animals and humans. Utilization of immunization and antiviral treatment options are available to prevent, treat, and contain the spread of this infection.

It has been reported in scientific data that fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) results in overestimation of vancomycin in patients with renal failure. This overestimation is caused by interference of the degradation product, CDP-1, in this assay. Increases in vancomycin levels have also been reported in patients not suffering from renal failure (nonrenal failure patients) who are receiving vancomycin therapy for approximately 10 days or more. The authors tested whether this increase in vancomycin in nonrenal failure patients is a result of CDP-1 interfering with FPIA or a change in the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Serum vancomycin peak and trough samples were obtained from 10 adult (mean age +/- SD: 55.9 years +/- 17.5) nonrenal failure patients (mean ClCr +/- SD: 76.2 mL/min +/- 29.20) receiving vancomycin therapy for at least 10 days. These peaks and troughs were obtained at steady state and again at approximately 10 days of therapy. All serum samples were analyzed initially by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA, TDx) (Abbot Diagnostics; Irving, TX) and again by enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT Vancomycin Assay) (Dade Behring; San Jose, CA). Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) determined that there was no difference between the values obtained from the two assays. This demonstrates that the increase in vancomycin levels is not caused by the accumulation of CDP-1 and may be the result of a change in the pharmacokinetics of the drug.

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NP curricula generally include <10 h of content on antimicrobial therapy. An electronic module regarding antimicrobial resistance is likely to be a useful and relevant adjunct to current curricula.