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iii SummaryMuch commentary on Indonesian politics since the fall of President Suharto in May 1998 has suggested that Indonesia's political system has remained just as exclusionary as it was prior to his fall, despite the fact that it has become much more democratic and decentralised. In contrast to this view, we argue that Indonesia's political system has become more inclusive during this time, if only a little more so. The fall of Suharto and the subsequent process of democratisation has removed key obstacles to organisation by poor and disadvantaged groups and their NGO allies, making it easier for them to engage in collective action aimed at achieving pro-poor policy change. By making attainment of political office dependent on the support of the voting public, many of whom are poor and disadvantaged, these developments have also created an incentive for politicians to pursue policy changes that favour these groups or at least that appeal to them. At the same time, however, we argue that poor and disadvantaged groups have not become major players in the policy-making process. Despite the fall of Suharto and democratisation, these groups continue to lack the resources possessed by other participants in the policy-making process. While the politico-bureaucrats and well-connected business groups have been able to exercise influence over policy by buying support within representative bodies such as parliament and mobile capital controllers, the IFIs and Western governments have been able to exercise influence over policy by virtue of their structural power, poor and disadvantaged groups have had to rely on less potent ways of exercising influence such as holding demonstrations, engaging in lobbying activity, and participating in public debates. This in turn has constrained their ability to access and influence the policy-making process.iv Acknowledgements This paper was commissioned by the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) as part of a broader research project on 'pro-poor political change' in Asia. We wish to thank DFID for its permission to publish the paper. Needless to say, the content of the paper is the authors' entire responsibility and the views and opinions it contains are not necessarily those of DFID. We also wish to thank Anton Lucas, John McCarthy, and Diane Mulligan for providing us with advice in relation to the field research for the paper and Vedi Hadiz, Leonard Simanjuntak, and Richard Robison for providing feedback on earlier drafts of the paper. Again, any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors.v

About IDSThe Institute of Development Studies is one of the world's leading charities for research, teaching and communications on international development. Founded in 1966, the Institute enjoys an international reputation based on the quality of its work and the rigour with which it applies academic skills to real world challenges. Its purpose is to understand and explain the world, and to try to change it -to influence as well as to inform.IDS hosts five dynamic research programmes, five popular postgraduate courses, and a family of world-class web-based knowledge services. These three spheres are integrated in a unique combination -as a development knowledge hub, IDS is connected into and is a convenor of networks throughout the world.The Institute is home to approximately 80 researchers, 50 knowledge services staff, 50 support staff and about 150 students at any one time. But the IDS community extends far beyond, encompassing an extensive network of partners, former staff and students across the development community worldwide. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or non-profit purposes, but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses, but normally will be granted immediately. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher and a fee may be payable. SummaryAid budgets face immense pressure -despite overseas aid being critical for poverty alleviation in developing countries and the explicit commitments of the world's industrialised countries to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Public support for international development and aid will play a key role. Will the public become unsure about the UK's aid budget when they begin to feel cuts in government expenditure at home? How well equipped are we to 'sell' the UK's aid programme to a sceptical public in times of economic austerity? This working paper presents the results of a qualitative enquiry into public perceptions of international development and aid in the UK. Using data from the Mass Observation Project (MOP) at the University of Sussex, the authors investigate the views of 185 members of the general public.The study finds that, while people can conjure up ideas of why poverty exists, they know very little about the confluence of factors that actually drive poverty and/or the daily lives of the poor. Thus, poverty is seen as caused primarily by bad governments and natural disasters, almost as a stereotype. People have major doubts about the effectiveness of aid, perhaps reflecting the fact that they tend to be much better at picturing aid 'failure' than aid 'success'. Nonetheless, there is support for aid in principle; people think that the UK has a responsibility to help the poor in developing countries, primarily on ethical grounds. This research has clear implications for the way in which the UK communicates with the British public about aid and de...

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This study aims to analyze the development of achievement sports during the COVID-19 pandemic in Depok City. The unit of analysis for this research is the coaching policy applied to the development of achievement sports by the Depok City Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative descriptive research, and interviews and document study obtained data collection. The study results found that the Depok City KONI during the COVID-19 pandemic focused more on coaching athletes with a target of ranking in the top 10 in the West Java Province Regional Sports Week (Porda) in 2022. This study concludes that the policy of developing achievement sports for the Depok City KONI during the pandemic has been relatively good despite experiencing difficulties in dealing with several obstacles, such as decreased athlete motivation, hampered athlete development due to competition cancellations, restrictions on the use of sports infrastructure, and shifts in funding allocations during the COVID-19 pandemic.