Ganoderma applanatum is one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms due to the various biologically active components it produces. This study was conducted to obtain basic information regarding the mycelial culture conditions of Ganoderma applanatum. Based on the colony diameter and mycelial density, PDA, YMA and MCM media were suitable for the mycelial growth of the mushroom. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was found to be 25~30℃. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were mannose and dextrin, respectively, and the optimum C/N ratio was 2 to 10 when 2% glucose was used. Other minor components required for the optimal growth included thiamine-HCl and biotin as vitamins, succinic acid and lactic acid as organic acids, and MgSO4·7H2O, KH2PO4 and NaCl as mineral salts.

This Paper proposes a two-step binary linear programming formulation for task scheduling of a constellation of low-Earth-orbit satellites and demonstrates its applicability and scalability to obtain high-quality solutions using a standard mixed-integer linear programming solver. In this instance, the goal of satellite constellation task scheduling is to allocate each task for the satellites and to determine the task starting times in order to maximize the overall mission performance metric. The scheduling problem is formulated to find the solution by first finding a set of candidate communication time intervals for each satellite/ground-station pair as one of the key constraints and time tabling the observation task to acquire the user-requested data, with the incorporation of key constraints for satellite constellation operation. Numerical experiments are designed for investigating the trends, sensitivity, and characteristics of scheduling outputs based on multiple representative instances. The performance of the scheduling solutions by the proposed two-step binary linear programming method exhibits significant improvement of up to 35% in the number of assignments and the sum of profits over the general greedy algorithm.

This paper presents a distributed optimization method for informative trajectory planning in multi-target tracking problems. The purpose of such problems is to optimize a sequence of waypoints/control inputs of mobile sensors over a certain future time step to minimize the uncertainty of targets. The planning problem is reformulated as a distributed optimization problem that can be expressed in the form of a subproblem for each target. The subproblems are coupled using the distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). This coupling not only enables the results of each subproblem to be reflected in the optimization process of the other subproblems, but also guides the results of the subproblems to converge to the same solution. In contrast to existing approaches performing trajectory optimization after assigning tasks, the proposed algorithm does not require the design of a heuristic cost function for task assignment, and it can handle both non-myopic trajectory planning and task assignment in multiple target tracking problems simultaneously. In order to reduce the computation time of the algorithm, an edge-cutting method suitable for multiple target tracking problems is proposed, as a receding-horizon control scheme for real-time implementation, which considers the computation time. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm.

To determine the optimal media conditions for the detection of the extracellular cellulase activity in Ganoderma neo-japonicum, we varied three media conditions: dye reagent, pH, and temperature. We evaluated the use of four dyes, Congo red, phenol red, remazol brilliant blue, and trypan blue. To observe the effect of pH on the chromogenic reaction, we tested media ranging from 4.5 to 8.0. To research the effect of temperature on the clear zone and the fungus growing zone, we tested temperatures ranging from 15 to 35℃. On the whole, the best protocol called for Ganoderma neo-japonicum transfer onto media containing Congo red with a pH of 7.0, followed by incubation at 25℃ for 5 days. Our results will be useful to researchers who study extracellular enzyme activity in Ganoderma neo-japonicum.

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