Spin-electron exchange model is generalized and used for description of magnetic states of amorphous substitutional alloys with the structural disorder of the liquid type. A scheme of consistently accounting for the contributions of structural fluctuations to the thermodynamic functions and observable quantities is considered. Using the perturbation theory, the functional of thermodynamic potential is constructed as a functional power series. In the random phase approximation (RPA), the grand thermodynamic potential of the model is calculated. Self-consistency conditions are given, from which equations for magnetizations and critical temperature of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition are obtained.

It is emphasized that the issue of establishing the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities currently remains relevant in Ukraine and presents new challenges caused by the state of war. The sequence (stages) of land management works related to establishing the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities is proposed. It is assumed that in the post-war period, the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities may be limited in their establishment, if these boundaries were located in the area of military (combat) operations or were under temporary occupation, encirclement (blockade). Attention is focused on the difficulties associated with the financial capacity of territorial communities in ordering work on the development of land management projects to establish the boundaries of these communities in the event of a return to peaceful life. The existence of disputes regarding the common borders between certain adjacent territorial communities made it necessary to introduce the possibility of partially establishing the borders of the territories of territorial communities in relation to crossing the border. Ways of improving the process of establishing the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities and adapting it to the conditions of the state of war and the post-war period are proposed, through the examples of post-war boundary establishment in foreign countries. Proposals will be made regarding amendments to the land legislation related to the definition of the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities as a whole, as well as individual parts thereof.