The article investigates the work of cultural difference in language in the context of translation, specifically as an effect of translation processes within postcolonial literature, and its role in reinforcing postcolonial literature as the world literature in English. Delineating the space of postcolonial literature as that of primary translation, the article looks into how cultural difference travels in interlingual translation of postcolonial literature from English to Polish. In postcolonial literature, cultural difference, which functions as a specific element of otherness/foreignness in the text, reveals the ethical dimension of translation, because it uncovers the presence of other, prior or sidetracked originals making up the text of postcolonial literature. Cultural difference is, thus, the substance of postcolonial literature and nothing less than translation in progress. It is the process of negotiation between the original form/language and a new form in another language, which is the language of the (former) empire. Basic features of postcolonial literature: resistance (Boehmer 2013: 307), counterdiscourse (Ashcroft et al. 2000), imitation, mimicry and sly civility (Bhabha, 1994), abrogation and appropriation of the language of the empire (Ashcroft et al. 1989), the triumphant overcoming of peripherality in the "empire writes back" phenomenon (Rushdie 1982), and, last but not least, the marketing of the margins (Huggan 2001
W tekście zadaję pytanie o przydatność niektórych ustaleń postkolonialnych w zakresie teoretyzacji/konceptualizacji kultur, narodów i transformacji ustrojowych w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Mniej interesuje mnie określanie adekwatności takich ustaleń, bardziej -badanie, jakie trajektorie można wytyczyć za pomocą takiego przekierowania wektorów postkolonialnych. Jesteśmy przyzwyczajeni do dyskutowania nad sensem i produktywnością dopasowywania postkolonialnych paradygmatów do Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, podczas gdy równoczesne pytanie, jak takie odmiany paradygmatów postkolonialnych zachęcają do dalszej teoretyzacji regionu w szerszym kontekście globalnym, pozostaje bez odpowiedzi. Podczas gdy aplikowanie paradygmatów postkolonialnych do problematyki zależności, europejskiego/rosyjskiego/sowieckiego imperializmu, oporu antykomunistycznego i transformacji postkomunistycznej okazało się produktywne i w pełni uzasadnione, a nawet -w wielu przypadkach -konieczne, trudno się oprzeć wrażeniu, że tej sytuacji brakuje ________________ * Tekst powstał w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego nr 2011/01/B/HS2/01120 finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki.
New Nationalisms: Sources, Agendas, Languages, a seminar organised by Academia Europaea Wrocław Knowledge Hub, the University of Wrocław and the Lower Silesian University, on 25–27 September 2017, inquired into the problem of the rise of right-wing populism in Central Europe. Manifest in responses to the refugee crisis of 2015 and to the Brexit referendum in 2016 across Europe, the populists successfully mobilised constituencies with anti-EU and anti-immigration sentiments. These attitudes, in turn, stimulated the emergence of nationalist agendas on an unexpected scale, moving radical right-wing parties with a pronounced nationalist programme from the margins, much closer to real political power. As part of the Relocating Central Europe seminar series, our reflection focused on that region, attempting to answer fundamental questions about the sources, purposes and modes of operation of the new nationalist impetus in political programmes, including those fostered at government level.
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