Fungos Micorrízicos ArbusculAres eM uM lAtossoloVerMelho sob MAnejos e usos no cerrAdo (1)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligatory biotrophics, which complicates the feasibility of producing inoculants. Thus, the discovery of substances capable of stimulating mycorrhizal colonization, like the isoflavone formononetin emerges as a promising alternative to explore the benefits of AMF native soil in extensive crops system. The aim of this study was evaluate the application of the isoflavone formononetin (7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavone) andfungicide via seed in Cerrado soil in no-tillage system and fertilization with two doses of phosphorus in soybean under field and controlled conditions. In the field experiment the treatments were three levels of formononetin (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg Formononetin seed -1 ) in the absence and presence of fungicide (Carbendazim + Thiram commercial mix) applied to seeds with two doses of phosphorus (100 % and 33% of the recommended fertilization). The study was conducted until the maturation of soybeans. The greenhouse conditions experiment was implemented with the same treatments used in the field research and the flowering stage of the soybean plant was simulated water stress during 10 days, returning to normal irrigation until to harvest the soybean grain. Applying of formononetin stimulated the increased of mycorrhizal colonization, number of nodules, vegetative growth and soybean production in the greenhouse. In the field research the treatments contributed to attenuate the negative effect of the fungicide Carbendazim + Thiram in soybean reflecting increased soybean production and adequate supply of soil phosphorus besides high density of propagules of natives AMF that contributed to reduce the benefits of stimulating mycorrhizal (formononetin) in this research.
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This study aimed to assess the impact of different land uses on the spore density and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a Red Latosol of a tropical savanna biome in Brazil ("Cerrado"). Ten soil samples and roots were obtained from a riparian forest, a pasture, an annual crop production system with no tillage, and a coffee plantation in dry and wet seasons. Spores were extracted, counted, and identified from field soils, and roots were stained to assess mycorrhizal colonization. A total of 42 AMF species were detected in all four land uses. The genus Acaulospora had the largest number of species (18), followed by Glomus (6) and Gigaspora (5). Gigaspora decipiens and Gigaspora margarita were present in all areas, regardless of the sample period. Gigaspora decipiens was the species most frequently recovered and contributed to the majority of spores in coffee plantations and riparian forest. Cetraspora pellucida was dominant in the area of no tillage and Acaulospora tuberculata in the pasture. Low species richness was detected in soils under the coffee plantation, with AMF communities dominated almost exclusively by members of Gigasporaceae. We conclude that the area under the coffee plantation caused a reduction in the richness of AMF species and promoted a dominance of a single family AMF compared with the pasture area.Key words: riparian forest, land use, mycorrhizal colonization, coffee, pasture, no tillage.Résumé : Cette étude devait évaluer l'impact de différentes vocations des terres sur la densité des spores et la richesse des mycorhizes à arbuscules (MA) dans un latosol rouge du biome de la savane tropicale brésilienne (« Cerrado »). Les auteurs ont prélevé dix échantillons du sol et des racines d'une forêt riveraine, d'un pâturage, d'une culture annuelle sans travail du sol et d'une plantation de café à la saison sèche et à la saison humide. Ils ont extrait les spores du sol, puis les ont comptées et identifiées, et ont coloré les racines afin d'en évaluer la colonisation par les mycorhizes. En tout, 42 espèces de MA ont été décelées dans les quatre régimes d'exploitation des terres. Le genre Acaulospora comptait le plus grand nombre d'espèces (18), suivi des genres Glomus (6) et Gigaspora (5). Gigaspora decipiens et Gigaspora margarita ont été observés à tous les sites, peu importe le moment où les échantillons ont été prélevés. Gigaspora decipiens a été l'espèce la plus fréquemment retrouvée, et elle explique la majeure partie des spores identifiées dans la plantation de café et la forêt riveraine. Cetraspora pellucida dominait dans la culture sans travail du sol, tandis qu'Acaulospora tuberculata prévalait dans le pâturage. Les espèces étaient peu diversifiées dans le sol sous la plantation de café, les populations de MA se composant presque exclusivement de membres des Gigasporaceae. Les auteurs en concluent que la plantation de café For personal use only.réduit la diversité des espèces de MA et favorise la domination d'une seule famille, comparativement à la situation observ...
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