Anaplastic thyroid tumors exhibit considerable derangement of their cell cycle and multiple signal transduction pathways that leads to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the development of genomic instability. This report is the first to comprehensively evaluate a panel of molecular targets for therapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer and supports the development of clinical trials with agents such as cetuximab, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and aurora kinase inhibitors, which may offer new hope for individuals diagnosed with this fatal thyroid malignancy.

Overall, in the FN patient population, five hemithyroidectomies were performed to identify each cancer, and no further operation was required in 96% of patients. New diagnostic tools are needed to reduce the number of operations performed for benign pathology in patients with nodular thyroid disease and a needle biopsy diagnosis of FN.

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