Purpose To describe the incidence, features, management, and risk factors of postintravitreal anti-VEGF endophthalmitis (PIAE) in patients undergoing treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration in the United Kingdom. Methods Prospective observational case control study. Forty-seven cases of PIAE were identified through the British Ophthalmological

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Purpose To report visual and refractive outcomes, and endothelial cell loss following primary and secondary 'piggyback' toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with high post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) astigmatism. Methods Prospective case series. Nine eyes of nine patients with post-PK astigmatism were consecutively recruited for implantation of a customized toric IOL. Six underwent simultaneous phacoemulsification (PE) and three pseudophakic eyes had a secondary 'piggyback' toric IOL implanted in the ciliary sulcus. Mean follow-up time was 17.2 ± 7.7 months. Pre-and post-operative uncorrected (UDVA) and best-corrected (BDVA) distance visual acuities and refractive errors were collected for comparison. Cartesian astigmatic vectors were calculated to identify a change in the magnitude of astigmatism precompared to postoperatively. Pre-and postoperative endothelial cell counts were also collected for analysis. Results UDVA (logMAR) improved from 1.13 ± 0.51 preoperatively to 0.48 ± 0.24 postoperatively (P-value ¼ 0.003). There was no significant change in BDVA (P-value ¼ 0.905) from 0.31 ± 0.27 to 0.26 ± 0.19. Corneal astigmatism preoperatively was 6.57 ± 4.40 diopters (D). Post-operative refractive cylinder was 0.83 ± 1.09 D compared to 3.89 ± 4.01 D preoperatively (P ¼ 0.039). Analysis of astigmatic Cartesian x and y coordinates found a significant reduction postoperatively compared to preoperatively (P ¼ 0.005 and P ¼ 0.002), respectively. Mean endothelial cell loss was 9.9%. Conclusion: Implantation of a customized primary or secondary 'piggyback' toric IOL serves as an effective modality in treating patients with high post-PK astigmatism.

DALK for the treatment of HSV related corneal scarring is associated with a high percentage of postoperative complications. DALK in this context is also associated with a large percentage of secondary operations. Patients should be aware of this when giving informed consent for DALK to treat HSV related corneal scars.

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