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Multi-spectral imaging (MSI), which was developed to explore the surface of the earth and other planets from space, has been adapted to read and record faded or burnt manuscripts. The authors show how MSI achieved new readings from carbonised and damaged fragments of papyrus scrolls from Herculaneum, Petra and the Judean Desert. The method has potential for investigating the degraded ornamental surfaces of other artefacts.

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The nature of the reflected signal is considered for an electromagnetic impulse impinging on a semi‐infinite plasma and a finite plasma slab terminated by a perfectly conducting surface at arbitrary angles of incidence and for both polarizations. The inverse Fourier transform technique is used and leads to a statement for the reflected signal in terms of Bessel functions of the first kind. The results are shown graphically for both the TE and TM case for all angles of incidence between normal and π/2.