When aircraft are not aligned into orderly streams, air traffic controllers (ATCs) will likely need to develop visual scanning strategies to enhance their conflict detection performance given their limited perceptual and cognitive resources. In this work, visual scanning, aircraft selection, and aircraft comparison are investigated. Twenty-five active professional ATCs detected conflicts in a simulated enroute environment. After the trials, the ATCs documented their visual search and conflict detection strategies. Analysis of the written information shows that the visual scanning methods can be classified into six categories (circular, linear, augmented, regional, density-based, and proximity-based). The aircraft selection methods fall into three categories (select aircraft that are at same altitude, at same altitude and converging, and at same altitude and in close proximity). The aircraft comparison methods fall into five categories (attend to altitude changes, speed (or speed differences), speed and angle/bearing, overtake, and projection). The proposed integrated process incorporates the categorizations by accommodating the visual scanning strategies into the overall process.

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Biological plugs are an innovative, low‐intervention, in‐situ bioremediation methodology for both saturated and unsaturated contaminated soils. They are modular in‐ground immobilized microbe bioreactors designed to rapidly increase the oxidation of organic contaminants by placing an adapted consortia of microorganisms in close proximity to the contaminants of concern. The approach is versatile, in that contaminants can be remediated in‐situ without the removal of existing structures as well as being able to efficiently and economically treat contaminants over a large area. Amine‐ and glycol‐contaminated soils at gas sweetening plants, represent a significant problem in magnitude, prevalence, and risk along pipelines stretching through Canada's western provinces. A field pilot study was conducted at an isolated former gas sweetening plant in northwestern Alberta. Monoethyamine (MEA) and several glycols were successfully remediated in situ in a 138‐day time frame. Soil toxicity was significantly reduced. The engineering challenges and associated economics of remediating such isolated sites are also presented.

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