Objective To describe the use of a new lymph-node nodes identified by conventional and the LNRS methods was recorded and classified according the revealing solution (LNRS) for detecting lymph node involvement in total cystectomy specimens from TNM system. Result Twenty-two lymph nodes were detected by the patients with locally confined invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, and to compare the conventional method, of which four were positive for tumour metastasis. Using the LNRS, an additional 21 results obtained with those using the conventional method (palpation and sectioning perivesical fat) that nodes were identified among which 12 were positive. The mean size of the lymph nodes detected by the may fail to detect very small lymph nodes. Materials and methods Of 12 cystectomy specimens conventional and LNRS methods was 7.96 mm and 3.81 mm, respectively. The stage of three patients was obtained from patients with TCC, six in which 0-3 metastatic nodes were identified by the conventional increased (Nx to N2, N0 to N2 and N1 to N2) and therefore two of these patients received adjuvant method were further investigated using LNRS. The revealing solution comprised 95% ethanol, diethyl chemotherapy. Conclusions LNRS significantly enhanced the yield of ether, glacial acetic acid and buÂered formalin (6552055:10 v/v) prepared under a fume-hood. After normal and metastatic nodes of cystectomy specimens and may identify smaller nodes. The LNRS method evaluation using the conventional method, the specimens were immersed for 6-12 h in the solution, allows a more accurate staging with better assessment of the prognosis and need for adjuvant therapy. washed under running tap water and the adipose tissue sectioned at intervals of 2-3 mm. Lymph nodes

The successful management of urinary tract infection complicating transrectal prostate biopsy depends on the recognition of its unique features, the pathogens involved and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The recommended empirical treatment is a second or third generation cephalosporin, amikacin or a carbapenem.

Study Type – Therapy (case series)
Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Evidence suggests that open repair of a bladder perforation during TURBT may increase the risk of pelvic or distant disease recurrence. The study demonstrates that while bladder violation during TURBT may carry a potential for considerable morbidity, it does not seem to substantially increase the risk of extravesical tumour seeding and disease recurrence. OBJECTIVE • To examine the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of patients with bladder perforation requiring open surgical repair as a complication of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). PATIENT AND METHODS • A search of our institutional database yielded 4144 patients who underwent TURBT from 1996 to 2008, of whom 15 (0.36%) required open surgical intervention to repair a large bladder perforation. • In all cases, a filling cystogram was performed before laparotomy. Clinical, pathological and follow‐up data were reviewed, and the incidence and time of extravesical tumour recurrence were recorded. RESULTS • Median patient age was 77 years. Intraperitoneal perforation was diagnosed in 12 patients, generally involving the posterior wall. Concomitant bowel injury was identified in two patients and managed by primary repair. Two patients in whom the diagnosis and intervention were delayed died within 1 week of surgery. • Metastatic progression was observed in two patients shortly after the perforation (median interval, 4.8 months), and local pelvic recurrence was noted in one of them. • None of the patients with stage Ta tumours had evidence of extravesical progression. Actuarial estimates of disease‐free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years after the perforation were 83%, 71% and 41%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS • A significant bladder perforation during TURBT requiring open surgical repair is more likely to occur in elderly patients with large posterior wall tumours and heavily pretreated bladders. • Despite its potential for considerable morbidity, this adverse event does not seem to substantially increase the risk of extravesical tumour seeding. Prompt diagnosis, immediate intervention and meticulous bladder and bowel inspection during laparotomy are imperative.