Pandemi telah mengubah tatanan hubungan internasional. Di antara semua perubahan yang terjadi pada pandemi, perubahan lingkungan merupakan salah satu perubahan yang disoroti oleh para aktor hubungan internasional. Perubahan lingkungan di masa pandemi menjadi semakin kompleks seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah limbah medis yang tidak diikuti dengan fasilitas yang memadai untuk mengelolanya. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kompleksnya pengelolaan limbah medis dan upaya reformasi pengelolaan limbah medis di Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Apabila dianalisis dengan kerangka teori, penulis menemukan bahwa akar permasalahan dari pengelolaan limbah medis adalah pendekatan yang digunakan, yaitu pendekatan Ancillary dan Top-Down, yang terlihat dengan adanya standarisasi pengelolaan limbah medis, yang pada akhirnya membuat kebijakan lingkungan hidup menjadi lebih sulit untuk diimplementasikan. Oleh karena itu, pembenahan pengelolaan limbah medis harus dilakukan dengan pendekatan holistik, dimana isu lingkungan dipandang sebagai komponen strategis dan diperlukannya kolaborasi oleh lima pemangku kepentingan yaitu pemerintah, lembaga, akademisi, industri dan masyarakat berdasarkan kerangka Penta-Helix.

The present study analyzes the implications of COVID-19 on the different forms of terrorism. The authors discuss the two types of terrorist acts: (i) the radicalization, recruitment, and funding of terrorism and (ii) planning the place and target of the operation. The authors argue that the COVID-19 policies have failed to inhibit or stop terrorism in Indonesia. This is supported by the four cases of terrorism that took place in the country during the COVID-19 period. Since the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the social phenomenon, a qualitative method was adopted for collecting the data. The authors conclude that while COVID-19 did affect the financing and operation of terrorism, it helped the terrorist groups to radicalize and recruit new members due to the increasing use of the Internet, people’s insecurities during the pandemic, and the radical narrative. Keywords: activities, COVID-19, terrorism, transformation

COVID – 19 is an unprecedented occasion that forces every state to adapt to the current changes in the dynamics of international relations. The impacts that are given by the Pandemic are not only on the health aspects, but also give the spillover effects to some aspects, such as economy and social, as the result of the closed-border policy and the restrictions policy on trading. By that means, the holistic and comprehensive approaches are needed to tackle the pandemic. Furthermore, Global Health Diplomacy is considered as one of the instruments or means to tackle the impacts of it. Notwithstanding, there are some states which implement the Me First Policy, especially at the beginning of the Pandemic. This paper examines Indonesia Foreign Policy through Global Health Diplomacy during COVID – 19 and to analyses the characteristics of the policy, either cooperative or competitive. This paper uses the concept of Global Health Diplomacy by Kickbusch and Told on 21st Century Health Diplomacy: A New Relationship between Foreign Policy and Health, Global Health Diplomacy: The Need for New Perspectives, Strategic Approaches and Skills in Global Health, by Kickbusch, Ilona; Silberschmidt, Gaudenz; Buss, Paulo and the concept of Global Health Diplomacy by Khazatzadeh-Mahani, A., Ruckert, A., & LabontÉ, R Through its Global Health Diplomacy, Indonesia is aiming to implement the policy which are based on the solidarity and cooperativeness.