Minimizing the formation of energy holes is an important research issues to be dealt in Wireless SensorNetworks. The contributions of the paper are two-fold. First we have proposed a novel energy efficient clustering algorithm along with a novel cluster head selection process which reduces the formation of energy holes in the network thus increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor network. Another significant contribution is that we have optimized the sojourn time of the cluster head based on the residual energy of the one hop sensors. We argue that our proposed work is efficient in dealing with various design and implementation issues of clustering procedures subsist in the existing works. The efficiency analysis is studied and presented. Also the time efficiency analysis of the proposed clustering algorithm is calculated. Simulation experiments showcase a noteworthy improvement in network lifetime in comparison with the existing algorithms.

An actuator is a device that which provides control over certain automation systems and also provides tuning in movement or positioning in various applications like manufacture of valves, motor, wastewater treatment plants, onboard electronics based on the type of configuration of type of actuators. Out of the available types of actuators, linear Electro Mechanical Actuators (EMA) is a powerful and advanced tool which provides optimal solution for the field of automation, various applications where high speed, high precision with control are required. This paper proposes to have velocity feedback system to entire function of EMA’s in order to improve its functionality, and thus enhances the efficiency. This paper also proposes modeling and simulation of normal conventional linear Electro Mechanical Actuator and velocity feedback controlled EMA and compares the results in MATLAB/SIMULINK.