Background: An altered composition and increased flare intensity of the aqueous humor caused by a breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier in eyes having PEX syndrome which cause corneal endothelial changes. Aims: To evaluate changes in the corneal endothelial morphology in patients with pseudo exfoliation (PEX) syndrome. Setting and Design: Tertiary care center of ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, India. Materials and Methods: Study included 220 eyes in a tertiary referral care center. In this group of patients there were 110 eyes with PEX syndrome and 110 eyes normal without PEX syndrome. Endothelial cell density, Corneal thickness and Hexagonality of cells were measured in each eye by specular microscopy and were compared between two groups. Results: The endothelial cell density in eyes with pseudo exfoliation was 2212.60 ± 312.34 cells/mm2 & in controls 2588.06 ± 286.54cells/mm2. The average cell size of cases was 492.40 ± 72.12 mm2 and of controls was 426.44 ± 73.40 mm2 (p<0.05). Hexagonality of corneal cells in the cases varied from 11 % to 90 % with a mean of 48.35 %. The controls had a mean of 62.02 % (p<0.05). There was a statistical difference in the cell density, cell size and hexagonality of the two groups Conclusion: Our study showed that in Pseudo exfoliation syndrome, endothelial cell density and the percentage of hexagonal cells are reduced. However, average cell size was increased. Therefore, ophthalmologists must be careful in conducting cataract surgery, use of high viscosity viscoelastics.

Background: Vision development is a complex system that requires the development of neuro ocular pathways and depends on proper visual stimulation of both eyes.Paediatric age group is more vulnerable to ocular injuries and any damage to eyesight will result in affecting the child in their growth and development. Aims: To Study the patterns of ocular emergencies in Indian paediatric populationand its short term visual outcome. Setting and Design: Observational study, analytical study carried out for a period of two years. Data collection from August 2017 to September 2019including demographic profile, place ofinjury, type of health care facility first sought, time delay in first treatment, pattern of ocular injury on Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (classification), treatment given by us, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: Mean age of patients is 7.79 ± 2.53 years with 105 (60%) male patients and 70 (40%) female patients. In traumatic injuries children between the age of 7 and 10 years constituted the largest group accounting for 62.7 %(94/150) of total patients. 50.2% were from urban population. 50.7% of total cases contacted first sought treatment at tertiary health facility. Mean definitive treatment time interval (23.30 ± 8.04 h) was significantly higher when patients sought primary care at Primary health facility or private health facility first rather than coming directly to the tertiary care centre (15.70 ± 5.20 h). 58% (n=87) of total injuries were due to blunt objects. At the end of 2 months 92.6% of closed globe injury cases had VA of 6/18 or better. Conclusion: Majority of paediatric ocular emergencies are traumatic in nature, more in 7-10 years age group with equal rural and urban distribution. Most of the injuries were sustained in domestic environment. Key words: Blunt trauma, Corneal laceration, Cracker injury, Hyphema, Penetrating injury, Paediatric trauma; Ocular trauma