Background: Acute rotavirus diarrhea is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. Nitazoxanide, an antiparasitic agent, acts by inhibiting the maturation of rotavirus viral protein 7 thus interferes with viral morphogenesis. Aim of the study: was to evaluate the role of nitazoxanide in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhea in 6 months to 2 years aged children. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from June 2018 to July 2020. A total of 70 children with acute onset diarrhea of <48 hours. duration was included in this study. All the studied patients were divided into two equal groups (group I and group II) by lottery, each comprising 35 children. The groupI represented the study group who received standard treatment of diarrhea plus oral nitazoxanide (15mg/kg/day) twice daily for 3 days and the group II is the control group received standard treatment only. Results: Study demonstrated that maximum number of patients 22 (31.4%) were between 14-17 months of age group and 36% patients came from rural, 64% from urban areas. Study showed before commencement of treatment most of the patients in both groups experienced some dehydration, vomiting, fever, & abdominal distension. At 48 hours’ improvement was observed in both groups, comparatively higher in group I. Difference of some dehydration and vomiting improvement between two groups were statistically significant (p <0.05). After 3 days’ treatment normal stool consistency was found in 24(68.5%) patients in group I & 10 (28.5%) in group II patients. The difference was also statistically significant (p=<0.05). Mean time of resolution of diarrhea 62.5 hours in Group-I and 96.5 hours in group-II. Compared to the group II, group I showed decrease in mean time of resolution of diarrhea (p= 0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was prolonged in group-II (86.5 hours vs. 102.5 hours in group I & II respectively), the difference was statistically significant (p˂0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, oral nitazoxanide was found effective in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhea in 6 months to 2 years old children.

Background: Thalassemia patients who are conventionally treated by regular transfusion regimen are at a risk of acquiring transfusion transmitted infections, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Getting blood transfusion in different places makes them vulnerable to these blood borne infections. It is important to assess and update the prevalence of these infections along with their contributing factors for ensuring optimum preventive measures and further strengthening of the screening program. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in repeatedly transfused thalassemia patients and to determine the risk factors for acquiring these infections. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital& Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period July 2018 to December 2019. Total 73 thalassemia patients of 2 to 18 years were enrolled into the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data and other related information were recorded in a standard data sheet. Hb%, SGPT, HBsAg, Anti-HBs titre, Anti-HCV were done in all patients. Collected data was checked and analyzed by computer based program SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Results: Out of total 73 thalassemia patients, 44 were male and 29 were female. Mean age was 8.3±3.45 years where maximum number of patients belonged to 6-10 years. 2(2.7%) patients had positive HBsAg and 11(15.1%) had positive Anti-HCV antibody at the end of study. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was associated with lack of immunization against it which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Hepatitis C virus infection in thalassemia patients was significantly associated with increasing duration of transfusion (P=0.043), frequency of transfusion (P<0.001) and elevated SGPT level (P<0.001). Comparing Anti-HBs titre, it is also found that there was decreased level of immunity against ..........

Introduction: Follicular neoplasms represent a wide clinical spectrum of diseases, with tremendous overlap in clinicopathologic diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Suspicious sonographic features in conjunction with FNAC of thyroid nodules provide the most accurate preoperative diagnosis to guide therapy. Keeping the perception in mind, we summarize our experience with thyroid nodules that were defined as cellular follicular lesions by comparing the clinical, sonographic, and cytological features that were examined histologically to define the most reliable criteria of malignancy. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to find out the cytological diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions and their correlation with histological findings. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Otolaryngology, National institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka following approval of the protocol for the duration of 6 months. A total of 30 patients were included and they were subjected to details history taking, physical examination, and necessary investigations. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 23, and Chi-square test was used to analyze the significance level of P (<0.05). Results: A total of 30 consecutive patients with a follicular lesion on FNAC (5 men and 25 women) were included in this study. Their mean (SD) age was 46.7 (±13.0) years. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed on histopathology in 8 patients (27%). Papillary cancer was the most common cytologic finding in 6 patients [75%]) and 2 patients (25%) had a diagnosis of follicular cancer. Of the 6 patients with papillary cancer, 2 (33%) had a follicular variant of papillary cancer. The benign histologic diagnoses were follicular adenoma in 6 cases (27%), thyroiditis in 3 cases (13%), and nodular goiter in 13 (60%). The presence of a solitary nodule was not predictive of malignancy (p=0.57). Solid echo structure (p<0.02), presence of microcalcification (p<0.01), and hypoechoic nodules ...

Background: Information regarding the associated risk factors is very important in treating patients with ischaemic stroke besides severity measurement. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is the most commonly used deficit rating scale to assess stroke severity. Serum S-100 protein is a low molecular weight calcium-binding protein expressed mostly in glial cells like astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells. During ischaemic process, S-100 protein is secreted from the glial cells into the extracellular space. After secretion, S-100 protein releases initially into the cerebrospinal fluid and then eventually into the bloodstream due to disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors and Serum S-100 protein level of ischaemic stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 70 patients with ischaemic stroke from the Department of Neurology, BSMMU were enrolled in this study. After taking proper history and neurological examination, the severity of ischemic stroke was assessed on the basis of NIHSS score. Then, serum S-100 protein levels were measured by Electrochemiluminiscence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study, as risk factors, maximum patients 45(64.3%) had hypertension followed by dyslipidemia 34(48.6%), diabetes mellitus 23(32.9%), heart disease 22(31.4%), history of previous vascular events 9(12.9%) and family history of stroke 8(11.4%). In assessing the relationship among severity of ischaemic stroke with Serum S-100 protein level we observed that the mean ± SD S-100 protein level was found 0.283± 0.165 μg/L with the range of 0.103-1.019 μg/L. Mean± SD levels of serum S-100 protein .....