Background: Blood Culture is the gold standard and accurate method of diagnosing bacteremia in enteric fever; however, conventional blood culture is slow in isolating Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare the result of the lytic centrifugation method with conventional blood culture system for the accurate diagnosis of enteric fever in febrile patients. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh between July 2010 and June 2011 including 200 individuals of different ages and sexes. Of them, 150 were clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever and 50 controls comprising of 25 non-typhoidal febrile patients and 25 healthy individuals. Both types of blood culture were performed for each of the cases and controls. Result: The lytic centrifugation method recovered more organisms (17.3%) than the conventional blood culture method (13.3%). Time required for isolation of S. typhi and S. paratyphi A was short in lytic method (18-20hours) than conventional method (42-72hours). Total contamination rate was 0.5% by lytic as compared to the conventional blood culture method which was 5.0%. Conclusion: In conclusion the lytic method is better than conventional blood culture system for good result, short isolation time and less chance of contamination. [Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(1):6-10]

Background: Lipid disorder is one of the common disorders which is seen in most of the diabetes patients that causes cardio vascular disorders. The incidence of coronary artery diseases is 3 to 5 times higher in diabetic patients compared to general population. Although this has been demonstrated for the Caucasian population few data are available for Asian Indians. Individuals with diabetes may have several forms of dyslipidemia leading to additive cardiovascular risk of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of lipid disorder among diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. In total 50 diabetic patients were enrolled as case group participants whereas 16 healthy people of similar ages were included in control group. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patent data collection. The serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed in patients and controls, using standardized assay methods. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. Result: In this current study, in analyzing the comparative statuses of lipid profile we observed, the mean (±SD) TC (mg/dl) of case and control group participants were 208.9±54.6 and 257.4±103.4 respectively where we found significant correlation between the groups (P=0.006). We did not find any correlation between the groups in analyzing TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) analyzing. In case group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found 216.4±306.0, 39.2±11.0 and 114.8±47.4 respectively. On the other hand, in the control group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found ..............

Background: The availability of essential drugs (medicines considered indispensable for the treatment of a disease) and the affordability of the common people are crucial for the successful functioning of any health system. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate antibiotic uses in the outpatient department by using INRUD indicators. Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 300 prescription collected from individuals at the outpatient’s department (OPD) of medicine, surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics from July 2011 to June 2012 in Mymensing medical college and hospital, Mymensing, Bangladesh. The study population was comprised of all the patients of OPD of Medicine, surgery, Gynecology and obstetrics. Patients who were visited the emergency, patients who transferred to another department, patient who got admitted during OPD visit and who expired were excluded from the study. Results: A total 300 prescriptions were analyzed during study period. Among the 300 patients, 180 (60.0%) were female and 120 (40.0%) were male. A total 902 individual drugs were prescribed for 300 drugs encounters, giving an average of 3.01 and the average number of drugs per prescription was found to be highest (3.05) in the gynecology and obstetrics OPD and the lowest (2.97) in the surgery OPD. It was also estimated that the average number of drugs per prescription was 3.00 in the medicine OPD. Conclusions: Special attention needs to be given to outpatient department where significant irrational prescribing in the terms of polypharmacy and relative absence of the directions about the use of drugs was evident.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed and used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Though this type of drug contains many side effects, these are widely used. The present study was conducted to observe the prescribing pattern. The study aimed to observe and assess the usage pattern and prescribing pattern of NSAIDs based on collected data from multiple general and specialized hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at multiple hospitals in Mymensingh district during the 2- year period from January 2015 to December 2016. For the purpose of this study, a total of 1216 patients of all ages and gender were selected based on whether they were prescribed NSAIDs. Result: Among the participants, 71.4% of the participants using NSAIDs were between the ages of 15-45 years. The difference in prevalence between different age groups was highly significant. Higher male prevalence was observed, with 60.4% male and 39.6% female population. The difference between male and female prevalence was statistically significant. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis were mentioned as fever (20.1%); backache (15.6%); headache (12.0%); musculoskeletal pain (11.5%); traumatic injury (7.1%); dysmenorrhea (5.3%); infective condition (4.6%); post-surgical pain (1.5%) and others (5.6%) of total prescription. One drug was prescribed in 2.5%, two drugs were in 32.7%, three drugs were in 41.6%, four drugs were in 17.6%, five drugs were in 5.3% and six drugs were prescribed 0.3% prescriptions respectively. Out of the total of 1216 prescriptions: 15.6% were prescribed by a specialist doctor, 63.8% by an MBBS doctor, and 20.6% were prescribed by unqualified prescribers. Cost of prescribed NSAIDs was <10 BDT for 50.5%, 10-50 BDT for 42.9%, >50 BDT for 5.8% and for the remaining 0.8%, the price of prescribed NSAID was unknown. The commonest prescribed NSAIDs were paracetamol (42.1) diclofenac sodium (21.9%); ibuprofen (10.4%); naproxen (5.9%); aspirin (1.6%) and other NSAIDs (18.1%) were prescribed respectively. The commonest prescribed dosage from NSAIDs was tablet/capsule (83.7%); syrup (9.0%); suppository (3.0%); injection (2.0%); suspension (1.8%); topical application (0.5%) was prescribed respectively. Statistically, there was a relationship between different dosage forms of the drug. Tablet/capsule was the highest significant form of the drug. Conclusion: The patients usually consulted with an MBBS doctor. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis are a fever for patients who consulted the prescribers. The commonest prescribed NSAID is paracetamol. NSAIDs are mentioned in the trade name in most cases. The commonest prescribed dosage of NSAIDs is tablet/capsule