Background: Trichomoniasis becomes an epidemic in nearly all countries of the world during the past four decades. It has been noted that it has major impact on the maternal and infant morbidity and on human reproduction and infertility. Leucorrhoea is one of the common complaints encountered in Obstetric & Gynaecology and STD departments. The pathogens, which were frequently blamed for this type of abnormal vaginal discharge are T.vaginalis, candida species and Gardnerella vaginalis. Out of these three causes, T.vaginalis vaginitis is probably the most common cause among women afflicted with STD. The true incidence of trichomoniasis in our population is unknown. Hence we conducted a retrospective cohort study on incidence of Trichomoniasis in high risk group patients with Leucorrhoea attending OPD at RIMS General Hospital, Srikakulam. Objective: To evaluate the true incidence of Trichomoniasis in high risk groups attending the OPD with Leucorrhoea. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of 300 cases of vaginal discharge who attended themselves to the OPD and those who had not received any specific anti-trichomonal drug. T.vaginalis was isolated by a wet-mount examination and by culture. Results: We got 17.67% of incidence in our patient population. We observed a high incidence among the following , Between 15 and 29 years of age. , with a low socio economic status and ,In pregnant females. Most of the patients were the victims of sexually promiscuous husbands. Conclusion: In our study,T.vaginalis was isolated in 53 cases of vaginal discharge by a wet mount examination and by culture. But we had poor culture results with Kupferberg's trichomonas broth base medium and the poor culture results made us to depend completely on the wet mount examination. So, we prefer wet mount examination to culture in identification of T.vaginalis.

Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is one of the common anomalies of the craniovertebral junction involving both the skeletal as well as the neural structures. Among the four types of ACM, type II ACM is considered as commonest. A case of Type II Arnold Chiari malformations; a rare congenital anomaly with some unusual associated defects has been reported here. A 29 year old lady with 21weeks gestation was diagnosed to have a male foetus with type II ACM at antenatal clinic of department of Gynaecology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekaram, Tamil Nadu, India during routine antenatal checkup. Though the commonly observed malformations of type II ACM such as herniation of cerebellar tonsil, spina bifida and hydrocephalous were observed in the present case, it differed from general pattern of type II ACM in presence of a large cyst abutting spina bifida and mild scoliosis.