Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer. WHO Classification of Tumors of Urinary System and Male Genital Organs 2016 classifies urothelial carcinoma based on its histological structure and cell morphology, namely, low grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) and high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Tumor grading should be reported because it is one of the important prognostic factors in infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. Tumor budding has been extensively studied and has been established as a prognostic factor in several types of carcinoma where it has independent predictive and prognostic relevance. Research on tumor budding is still very rarely done on infiltrating urothelial carcinoma and in Indonesia there are no published journals related to tumor budding on infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. Research Objectives: To determine the correlation between tumor budding index and grading of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic study with a cross sectional approach on 38 samples of paraffin block patients diagnosed histopathologically as infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. Then, the paraffin blocks were re-cut and the slides stained with H&E. The tumor budding index was assessed as < 10 buds (low grade) and 10 buds (high grade). The grading of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma is divided into two, namely low grade and high grade and is assessed based on cell morphology. The relationship between tumor budding index and grading of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma was statistically tested. Results: The most age was 56-65 years, with a mean age of 62 years. Male gender was found more than female. The highest grading is high grade (92.11%). There were 7 histopathological subtypes from 13 histopathological subtypes, the majority of the samples were infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation subtype. LVI was found in 33 cases (86.84%), and PNI was found in 8 cases (21.05%). The most common budding tumors were high grade buds at 92.10%. Conclusion:The study showed a significant relationship between the tumor budding index and grading (p-value = 0.0001) where the tumor budding index could be used to determine an independent prognosis that could predict disease progression.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in women. Invasive breast carcinoma is found in most breast cancers and infiltrates the tissues. LC3B is a marker of autophagy and is an important protein involved in the formation of autophagosomes. The LC3B protein acts as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, lack of LC3 expression has been reported to be associated with survival and high mortality rates in TNBC. Objective: To analyze correlation expression of autophagy marker LC3B with histopathological grading and molecular subtypes in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST). Methods: This study was an analytic study with a cross sectional approach on 40 samples paraffin block with histopathological diagnosed as IBC-NST. Slides were made with routine staining of hematoxyllin eosin and immunohistochemistry LC3B. LC3B expressed on cytoplasm of tumor cells. Scores for LC3B based on multiplication proportion and intensity of staining. Correlation expression of LC3B with histopathological grading and molecular subtypes in IBC-NST was statistically tested. Results: Most patients with IBC-NST occur age 40-49 years, with average age 50,1 years, youngest age 27 years and oldest age 73 years. Most tumor size according to T2 criteria. Most molecular subtypes were luminal. Most histopathological grading was grade 3. Immunohistochemical expression of LC3B in IBC-NST was found to be highest with strong expression. Conclusions:The study showed a significant correlation between immunohistochemical expression of LC3B with histopathological grading (p-value 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between immunohistochemical expression of LC3B with molecular subtype (p-value <0.05). LC3B has a role as a tumor suppressor, by inducing autophagy is an effective therapeutic strategy in IBC-NST especially TNBC.