Introduction: Various methods of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation are in vogue, each having their own pros and cons. This study is aimed at comparing two most common methods of AVF creation -side to side (STS) and end to side (ETS). Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted between January 2017 to January 2018. 57 patients were included in the study-they underwent AVF creation either by STS or by ETS method. Results: All total primary failure rate in the study was 12.28%, there was no statistically significant difference among two groups in regards to demography, operative time or complications except the finding that ETS has significant lower rate of postoperative venous hypertension than STS group. Conclusion: STS AVF has significantly higher rate of venous hypertension than ETS AVF.

Introduction: Del Nido (DN) cardioplegia was invented specially for pediatric cardiac surgery in the 1990s and has longer ischaemic time (less redosing) than ST Thomas cardioplegia (ST). Aim of Study: To evaluate the safety/efficacy of DN over ST for adult cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 100 adult patients who underwent CABG/MVR/DVR/AVR. Patients were divided in 2 groups: group 1-who received DN cardioplegia (n=50) and group 2-who received ST cardioplegia (n=50). Cross clamp time (X clamp time), cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPB time), ionotropic support and post cross clamp defibrillation rates were analysed. Results: The aortic cross clamp and bypass times were shorter with DN than ST (91.94±34.16 vs 106.44±32.63 and 126.26±37.50 vs 139.84±37.84, p value <0.05 respectively). ST group needed higher ionotropic support than DN group (14.62±3.83 vs 11.42±2.84, p value< 0.05). DN group showed significant reduction in Post X clamp defibrillation rate than ST group (5 vs 15, p value<0.05). Conclusion: DN reduces X clamp and CPB time over ST , and less ionotropic support and post X clamp removal defibrillation is required when using DN in adult cardiac surgery.