The early detection and continuous monitoring of children’s motor competence levels and physical fitness is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in motor coordination of children enrolled in soccer and multisport activities. The participants of this study included 147 boys and girls (mean age 7.60 ± 0.85 years). The total sample of subjects was composed of two subgroups: children who were enrolled in organized exercise programs—multisports (n = 77), and children who were engaged in soccer training (n = 70). Motor coordination was evaluated with the Kiphard–Schilling body coordination test (KTK). Physical fitness was assessed with a 20 m shuttle run test, 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength. The ANCOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with large effect size between groups for tests hopping for height (d = 0.93), total motor quotient (d = 1.31), jumping sideways (d = 1.32), and moving sideways (d = 1.59), after adjusting for age and gender. There were no significant differences between groups in the physical fitness tests. It can be concluded that children enrolled in multisport activities have higher levels of motor coordination than children who are enrolled only in soccer. Therefore, multiple sport training programs should be considered and encouraged by parents, educators, and other training professionals.

The World Health Organization recommends infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life. Various factors can affect the maintenance of lactation. Increased physical activity and stress are thought to negatively affect breastfeeding success. The aim of this case study was to examine the effect of high serum creatine-kinase (CK) values and the success of breastfeeding after sports competition. It is assumed that continuous aerobic exercise is a stress for the body that can have a negative impact on lactation and extended breastfeeding. Methods. The level of acute muscle damage (AC) was measured before and after the competition in order to confirm continuous exposure to aerobic exercise. Results. After the competition, elevated serum creatine-kinase levels were noted. Prolactin and TSH values remained within optimal values. Conclusion. Several months of preparation for the competition had an impact on increasing acute muscle damage (AC) after the competition. No negative effect of continuous aerobic exercise on breastfeeding success was observed in this case study.

Introduction: Thyroid hormones play a very significant role in metabolism, so any impairment of their levels may bring about a chronic disease of the thyroid gland. A question asked is whether continuous long-distance running can affect changes in TSH and T4 values in a person with Hypothyroidism. This Case report aims to explore the influence of high-intensity running (confirmed by the control of the CK) on the status of thyroid hormones. Case report: The female subject in this case report in an ultramarathon runner (40 years old) who has a diagnosis of the Hashimoto tyroiditis. From October to June 2022, she trained for the competition in running for 24 hours. To determine the status of thyroid hormones, some biochemical measurements of urine and blood were performed immediately before and after the race (competition). The imbalance of TSH hormone values was identified a day before (5.390U/ml) and a day after (5.700 U/ml) the race, while blood parameters increased after the race for AST (148 U/L), CK (2265 U/L) and CRP (7.51 mg/L). Conclusion: Analysis of the results of this case report showed that there were no significant changes in the TSH hormone after running for 24 hours.

SažetakFizička aktivnost pozitivno utiče na smanjenje rizika od nastanka bolesti kardiovaskularnog sistema, gojaznosti, diabetesa, osteoporoze, bolesti disajnog sistema, itd. Iako je većina istraživanja koja su se bavila fizičkom aktivnošću vršena na odraslim osobama, podaci ukazuju na to da je situacija alarmantna i kada je u pitanju nivo fizičkih aktivnosti i razvijenost fizičke forme dece. Od 1990. godine, trend učestvovanja u regularnim nivoima fizičke aktivnosti je u opadanju u svim uzrasnim kategorijama. Jedan od glavnih problema koji se javlja u istraživanjima fizičke aktivnosti mladih je odsustvo tačnih i pouzdanih testovnih procedura za merenje fizičke aktivnosti i stanja fizičke forme dece.Kada posmatramo najviše korišćene baterije testova za procenu stanja fizičke forme, možemo da primetimo da svi ti protokoli mere iste komponente: kardiorespiratornu izdržljivost, mišićnu snagu i izdržljivost, pokretljivost i sastav tela.Sa druge strane, kada se meri nivo fizičke aktivnosti, najčešće primenjivan instrument je upitnik. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje stanja komponenti fizičke forme dece predškolskog uzrasta, uz pomoć preporučenih testovnih procedura, kao i procena nivoa fizičke aktivnosti u slobodno vreme uz pomoć upitnika. Ovakvo istraživanje obezbeđuje uvid u nivo razvijenosti fizičke forme predškolske dece, kao i karakter povezanosti obima fizičke aktivnosti u slobodno vreme sa stanjem fizičke forme. Rezultati ukazuju na to da deca, već u ovom uzrastu, pokazuju loše stanje nekih komponenti fizičke forme koje su povezane sa zdravljem. Takođe, deca nisu dovoljno aktivna ni u dnevnim i nedeljnim sportsko-rekreativnim aktivnostima.Ključne reči: Predškolci, Fizička forma, Fizička aktivnost MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AbstractPhysical activity has been positively associated with reduction of risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, pulmonary disease, etc. Although much of the research related to physical activity has been conducted with adults,

The World Health Organization recommends daily physical activity for at least 60 minutes for children, while for adults this recommendation amounts to at least 30 minutes a day. As part of daily physical activity, it is recommended to exercise at a moderate to high intensity for at least 10 minutes. Today, we are increasingly faced with the problem of sedentariness in both adults and children. It is considered that a school is a place where children could be expected to be more physically active because they spend a lot of time there. The subject of this research concerns the time spent in moderate to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA) during one day. A systematic review of two electronic databases (PubMed and Mlibrary) identified a small number of studies that analyzed MVPA between boys and girls. In the studies, organized physical exercise is cited as a way to make children more interested in exercise than usual. The research results of three selected studies indicate that students are not sufficiently physically active and that there are no significant differences in MVPA values between boys and girls (8 to 14 years of age). On the basis of highly qualified scientific studies, including only studies that measured MVPA with an accelerometer, it is observed that boys achieved higher values and are therefore somewhat more physically active compared to girls.