Objective: To determine the presence of nutrition labels on pre-packaged food products, as well as to analyse the types of presentation. Design: This was a descriptive study. The following characteristics were analysed: (i) presence and placement of the nutrition declaration (either as front-of-pack (FOP) or back-of-pack (BOP)); (ii) content of the presented information; (iii) presence of nutrition and health claims; and (iv) legibility of the written information. Settings: Three different types of retailers in Belgrade, Serbia. Subjects: A total of 2138 pre-packaged food products from ten categories. Results: A nutrition declaration was found on 65·9 % of all tested products. It was displayed on the back of the packaging of 62·7 % of products and on the front of the packaging of 19·1 % of products. BOP was the most commonly observed in breakfast cereals, soft drinks, milk and instant soups (in total over 90 %), and the least common in meat products (21·5 %). FOP was predominantly displayed on breakfast cereals (65·0 %) and the least frequently on milk products (2·4 %). The 'Big 4' (energy value, protein, carbohydrate and fat contents) and the 'Big 4 with additional information' figured on 40·9 % of products. The 'Big 8' ('Big 4' plus sugar, saturated fat, fibre and sodium contents) and the 'Big 8 with additional information' were present less frequently (20·5 %). Nutrition claims and health claims appeared on very few products (6·6 % and 6·3 %, respectively). The proportion of products with insufficient legibility was 31·5 %. Conclusions: Nutrition labelling in Belgrade, Serbia is not satisfactory. Mandatory regulations may be the best way to improve the current situation. Keywords Labelling Nutrition informationPre-packaged foodThe worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing at a dramatic rate over the last decades. According to the WHO, in 2008, 35 % of adults over the age of 20 years were overweight, whereas 10 % of men and 14 % of women worldwide were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 )

In the present study 1 year after revascularization QoL in patients with PAD was significantly improved in comparison with QoL before operation. Long-term follow-up is needed in order to assess duration of this beneficial effect of bypass surgery.

Academic stress makes great influence on mental health of medical students. Reduction of stress effects should be directed to optimization of the examination process and improvement of communication skills.

Gallstone formation is a multifactorial disease, caused by the interaction of genetic and enviromental factors. In order to prevent gallbladder stone disease, it is useful to detect modifable risk factors, which contribute to its development. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential relationship between nutrition and the development of gallstone disease, and to establish the possibility for its prevention. The study examined 114 patients; 55 of them suffered from gallstone disease, while 59 were healthy controls who were age- and sex- matched. Diagnosis of gallbladder stone disease was made by ultrasonography. Diet was established using a 24-hour dietary recall method. In the multivariate model, high energy intake (OR = 9.720, p < 0.001) and overnight fasting period (12 hours and longer) (OR = 4.285, p = 0.005) were the most important predictors of gallstone disease, after adjustment for Body Mass Index. These factors can be altered in order to prevent gallstone disease.

Nutrition and health claims (NHCs) are a powerful tool that influence consumers’ final decision on the choice of food products. The purposes of this repeated cross-sectional study were to (i) assess the prevalence of pre-packaged food products containing nutrition and health claims among different food categories, (ii) to determine the type of NHCs labelled on the examined food products, and (iii) to evaluate the trend in the use of NHCs in comparison to the 2012 survey. The survey was conducted immediately before the full enforcement of the new national legislation on NHCs in 2020. It comprised 3141 pre-packaged food products from 10 product categories. In total, 21.2% of food products contained any claim (19.4% contained any nutrition claim; 8.2% contained any health claim). In comparison to the 2012 survey, we observed a rising trend in the presence of NHCs; the use of nutrition claims on food products increased three times and the use of health claims increased 1.3 times in the 2020 survey. Bearing in mind that NHCs are a powerful tool guiding consumers’ food purchase decisions, NHCs should be supported by precise legislation and strict surveillance by the public health authorities.