The issue of analyzing the efficiency of agriculture on the basis of multi-criteria decision-making methods is very current, complex and significant. Based on that, this paper investigates the efficiency factors of agriculture enterprises in Serbia using the CODAS method. The AHP method is used to calculate the weight coefficients of the criteria. The AHP method is used to calculate the weight coefficients of the criteria. The goal and purpose of that is to process the given problems through the complex theoretical, methodological and empirical prisms in the function of improving the efficiency of agriculture in Serbia in the future by taking appropriate measures. The theoretical and practical significance of the research of the treated problem in this paper is reflected in the fact that the application of the CODAS method provides a more realistic situation in relation to the ratio analysis in order to improve the efficiency of agriculture in Serbia in the future by taking adequate measures. There are no similar studies in the literature for other countries, which makes international comparison difficult. Research using this method and including the period from 2013 to 2020 has showed that agriculture in Serbia were the most efficient in 2018. Then we have: 2020, 2019, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Recently, under the positive influence of numerous macro and micro factors, the efficiency of agriculture in Serbia has significantly improved. The effects of Covid-19 on the performance of agriculture in Serbia have, among other things, been mitigated to some extent with increased electronic sales of agriculture products.

It is well known that the problem of analyzing the efficiency of all companies, including trading companies, is very topical, significant and complex. In the context of the above mentioned, mathematical methods and models are increasingly being applied. With this in mind, this paper explores the effectiveness of food retailers in Serbia using AHP and DEA methods. Of all the observed optimization criteria (cost of goods sold, operating costs, gross margin and net profit), the most significant one was the cost of goods sold. The most efficient food retailer in Serbia is Delhaize Serbia. Mercator-S is inefficient according to DEA analysis. In order to improve the efficiency of food retailers in Serbia, it is necessary to look up to the Western models and apply new business models (private brand, multichannel sales, organic food sales and others) and new concepts of strategic management accounting as well as strengthen the digitalization of business.

SažetakU poslednje vreme, kako u teoriji tako i u praksi, sve se veća pažnja pridaje istraživanju uticaja nematerijalne aktive na performanse preduzeća. U kontekstu toga sagledava se i značaj nematerijalnih troškova, odnosno amortizacije nematerijalne aktive. Imajući to u vidu, u ovom radu se istražuje uticaj nematerijalnih troškova na performanse trgovinskih preduzeća u Srbiji. Zaključak je da su oni sve značajniji faktor performansi trgovinskih preduzeća u Srbiji. U prilog tome je činjenica da je visoka korelacija između nematerijalnih troškova i prihoda od prodaje. AbstractThere has been increased attention lately, both in theory and in practice, directed to investigating the impact of intangible assets on company performances. In this context, the importance of intangible costs, i.e. amortization of intangible assets, is also considered. Bearing this in mind, this paper examines the impact of intangible costs on the performance of trade companies in Serbia. The conclusion is that they are an increasingly important factor in the performance of trade companies in Serbia. In support of this, the fact is that there is a high correlation between intangible costs and sales revenues. UvodKao što je poznato, zbog sve većeg značaja u novije vreme sve se veća pažnja posvećuje problemima analize nematerijalne aktive, odnosno nematerijalnih troškova i njihovog uticaja na performanse svih preduzeća, što znači i trgovinskih. To je sasvim i razumljivo kada se ima u vidu činjenica da je sve veće učešće nematerijalne aktive u njihovoj ukupnoj aktivi. Ilustracije radi, u 2015. odnos između nematerijalnih i materijalnih investicija u trgovini Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva (UK) je bio 1,37:1 [23].Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu su determinante dinamike nematerijalnih troškova i njihov uticaj na performanse trgovinskih preduzeća, sa posebnim osvrtom na slučaj Srbije. Cilj i svrha istraživanja je da se tretirana problematika što svestranije istraži kao osnova za što efikasnije upravljanje nematerijalnim troškovima trgovinskih preduzeća u Srbiji u cilju ostvarenja ciljnih ukupnih (profitnih i ostalih) performansi, uz maksimalno zadovoljenje satisfakcije i potreba kupaca. R a d o j k o L u k i ć | E k o n o m s k i f a k u l t e t , U n i v e r z i t e t u B e o g r a d u , B e o g r a d | rlukic@ekof.bg.ac.rs D r a g a n a