Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a secondary wood borer that has been hypothesized as capable of transmitting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This fact supposes a risk of spread of PWD over Europe and has created an urgent need for effective tools to detect and monitor both the nematode and the insect species that vectors it. Recent reporting of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol as the M. sutor male-produced aggregation pheromone has opened the possibility of developing an efficient lure for this species. It is known that some European bark beetle pheromone compounds and host volatiles kairomonally attract this species. Besides, smoke volatiles from burnt trees might play a role in M. sutor host location. In this work, field trapping experiments during 3 years in three countries (Spain, Sweden and Austria), aimed to develop an efficient pheromone-kairomone lure operative for M. sutor management were carried out. Electroantennographic responses by M. sutor to Ips pheromones and to the Pityogenes chalcographus pheromone chalcogran were also studied. GC-EAG recording showed that M. sutor males and females clearly responded to ipsenol and ipsdienol, and females also responded to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Chalcogran elicited a response to M. sutor female antennae. In field tests, ipsenol was the most attractive kairomone to both sexes of M. sutor, whereas ipsdienol, cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol were attractive and chalcogran was unattractive. When combined with the pheromone, most bark beetle kairomones increased catches of both sexes although chalcogran was completely ineffective. Thus, ipsenol was the strongest individual kairomone for M. sutor and the best single kairomone to be combined with the pheromone. Smoke volatile blends tested in Spain and Austria did not elicit responses, suggesting that these compounds are likely not involved in host finding by this species.

1 Ips amitinus arrived in Northern Europe at the beginning of 1900s, although its recent expansions to the northernmost conifers have been rapid.

1 The North American lodgepole pine Pinus contorta has been planted on 660 000 ha in Sweden. 2 We compared the performance of Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus in storm-felled and standing pheromone-baited trees of the historical host species Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine. 3 In the first summer after a storm, I. typographus colonized 0.2% and P. chalcographus colonized 2.4% of the storm-felled lodgepole pines compared with 31% and 25%, respectively, of the storm-felled Norway spruces. In the second summer 1.6% and 41.5% of the lodgepole pines were colonized by I. typographus and P. chalcographus, respectively. The reproductive success of I. typographus was five-fold higher in Norway spruce than in lodgepole pine. Other species colonizing lodgepole pine were Ips duplicatus, Orthotomicus proximus, Orthotomicus laricis, Monochamus sutor andPissodes pini. 4 The male attack densities of both bark beetle species required to overcome defences of standing pheromone-baited trees were much higher in lodgepole pine than in Norway spruce. The reproductive success of I. typographus and P. chalcographus was approximately five-and 14-fold higher, respectively, in Norway spruce than in lodgepole pine. 5 Larvae of the most important groups of bark beetle enemies were present in both storm-felled and standing pheromone-baited lodgepole pines colonized by I. typographus and P. chalcographus. In the standing trees, the densities of enemy larvae were lower in lodgepole pine than in Norway spruce, whereas the opposite was true for storm-felled trees.

Tetropium gabrieli is native to the European Alps where it breeds in European larch and may be an important pest during drought periods by killing trees. It has spread to larch plantations in several European countries including Sweden. In trapping studies conducted in Sweden, we tested whether T. gabrieli was attracted to E‐fuscumol, E,Z‐fuscumol, E,Z‐fuscumol acetate and the host volatile combination of α‐pinene plus ethanol. We also compared its response with those of the native congeners, T. fuscum and T. castaneum. All three Tetropium species were caught in significantly higher numbers in traps baited with E‐fuscumol plus host volatiles than in traps baited with host volatiles alone or in unbaited traps. There was no difference in catch of any Tetropium species between traps baited with E‐fuscumol plus host volatiles versus traps baited with E,Z‐fuscumol plus host volatiles, but the latter treatment caught more T. fuscum and T. castaneum than did E,Z‐fuscumol acetate plus host volatiles. The addition of E‐fuscumol to host volatile‐baited traps significantly reduced mean catch of T. gabrieli, significantly increased mean catch of T. castaneum, and had no significant effect on catch of T. fuscum. Mean catch of all three species was significantly greater in traps baited with E‐fuscumol alone than in traps baited with host volatiles alone. All three species were caught from May to August. The median date of captures was about 2 weeks earlier for T. fuscum compared with the other two species.

Many insect species that depend on dead wood (saproxylic) are difficult to detect because of their concealed life‐style, small size and camouflage. This limits available information and thus poses problems when assessing their conservation status. Thus, more efficient detection methods are required for more accurate red‐list classifications. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for detecting the red‐listed saproxylic beetle Acanthocinus griseus, through experiments with multifunnel traps baited with different potential attractants and placed in various types of forest stands in Sweden. Acanthocinus griseus was strongly attracted to the bark beetle pheromones ipsdienol and ipsenol. Catches were almost four times higher in fresh clear‐cuts than in pine stands, and about two times higher than in old clear‐cuts. Catches in old clear‐cuts increased when the monoterpene α‐pinene was added to bark beetle pheromones. The flight period of A. griseus extended from June to August. Acanthocinus griseus has been previously considered a rare species. However, this study with attractant‐baited traps doubled the total number of records of the species on the Swedish mainland in just two seasons and tripled the number of observed or caught adults, demonstrating that it should not be considered rare in the studied region.