Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important Mediterranean plant species with worldwide commercial and medicinal uses. The establishment of a callus culture protocol as an alternative system to produce polyphenols of chemical and pharmaceutical interest was made in the present study for the first time in carob. Explant type and the light regime are two important factors that influence morphogenic responses and biochemical production. Maximal callus induction (100 %) and biomass accumulation were obtained in cotyledon explants under both tested light regimes (16-hour photoperiod and darkness). However, leaf callus produced a higher amount of polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) but a lower amount of total condensed tannins (TCT) as compared to cotyledon callus. Light treatment has significantly increased TCT content but decreased the antioxidant activity in carob callus cultures. Strong and positive correlations were obtained between TPC and TFC and the antioxidant activities with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.68 and 0.98. The obtained results indicate that calli of C. siliqua have the potential for enhanced production of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity that is favored by culture under dark condition.
Introducción: El algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua L.) es una de las especies cultivadas másimportantes en el área mediterránea. La especie tiene alta demanda en el mercado, pero losmétodos tradicionales de propagación no han logrado satisfacerla; por tanto, el uso de técnicasin vitro parece apropiado para el establecimiento de huertos a gran escala. Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de cinco genotipos de algarrobo en la inducción de callosembrionarios y optimizar la composición del medio de cultivo para un mejor crecimiento.Materiales y métodos: Las semillas maduras de C. siliqua de la variedad “Dkar”, que crecenen cinco regiones de Marruecos, se utilizaron como fuentes de explantes de cotiledones. Seevaluaron cinco genotipos (‘GH’, ‘GO’, ‘GM’, ‘GA’, y ‘GB’) y cuatro medios de cultivo(MS, B5, WPM y DKW) suplementados con tres concentraciones de 2,4-D (2.5, 5 y 10 µM).La sacarosa y el manitol se analizaron en concentraciones de 0, 45, 90, 135 y 180 µM.Resultados y discusión: Los genotipos mostraron niveles altos de inducción de callo (75 a100 %). El medio Gamborg (B5) suplementado con 2.5 µM 2,4-D produjo el mayor peso seco(32.5 g) de callos con coloración blanco cremoso. La mayor cantidad de callos friables decolor blanco cremoso se obtuvo en el medio suplementado con 90 mM de sacarosa. El análisishistológico mostró la presencia de centros meristemáticos que se convirtieron en masasembriogénicas y proembriones globulares.Conclusión: Los cotiledones maduros de C. siliqua tienen potencial para la inducción yproliferación de callos embrionarios. Este estudio pretende contribuir al desarrollo de unprotocolo apropiado para la propagación masiva de algarrobo.
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