The plant Helichrysum belongs to the Asteraceae family and in the literature can be found as everlasting flowers. This plant has therapeutic effect, and it is used in traditional medicine to cure different disease such as biliary tract diseases, infections of the skin, gallbladder, respiratory and digestive tracts disorders, wounds, some of them in modern medicine are confirmed as antimicrobial activity. Different investigations about the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities have revealed the potential of Helichrysum arenarium for drug discovery. The pharmcological analyses have shown different activities such as chlorotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, detoxifying and antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Helichrysum plants are rich with different compounds such as flavonoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, phthalides, phenolic acids and essential oils. The aim of this review is to present a concise and coherent overview of the chemical composition and the pharmacological activities of the essential oil, the main classes that are present in the composition of essential oils and activities of some of the bioactive constituents and extracts of Helichrysum arenarium. Scientific databases have been used such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research Gate to collect the data for this review.

The raw material Helichrysum is used for the treatment of various pathological conditions in folk and modern medicine, for the treatment of tropical infections, respiratory diseases and as a detoxifying herbal medicine. Extraction is the most appropriate method for separating the active ingredients from plant materials. Separated bioactive components are mostly used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. For this purpose, ethanol with different initial alcohol concentration was used as a working solvent: 55%, 70% and 96%, petroleum ether, methanol and methylene chloride. The ethanol solution is prepared from 96% ethanol and deionized water. Calculations were made of the total extract obtained with Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of working parameters on the extraction process of working natural material (Helichrysum arenarium). The following separation procedures are applied for the extraction of the working raw material: solid-liquid conventional Soxhlet extraction and unconventional ultrasonic extraction. The plant extracts from this plant have various benefits, like skin care, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.   Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2023 / Published: 23 July 2023

In this paper, the kinetics of bioactive components from Helichrysum arenarium under ultrasounds action was investigated. The aim of this study was to do model validation by plotting experimental data and to be seen if the correlation coefficient fits the experimental data. The process takes place in two stages: a fast one in the first stage 0-75 min, followed by slow phase from 75-180 min, in the second phase the equilibrium concentration was approached after 80 min. The modelling of kinetics in two phases (fast and slow) is done through the mathematical interpretations of the kinetically controlled process and the diffusion controlled process, also with a separate analysis of the two phases separately and finally they are combined into one process. From the results it can be seen that in the first stage the correlation coefficient (R2) has values above 0.9, which indicates that the selected models perfectly fit the experimental data, while for the second stage, the correlation coefficients vary below 0.9 however, these values (above 0.8) show that this model is accurate enough to determine the kinetics of the extraction process. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this technique is suitable for obtaining bioactive substances.