Background Peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital defects resulting in abnormal connections between veins and arteries. We investigated a group of patients with peripheral AVMs to determine whether there were any gender differences in disease presentation and the response of AVMs to various modalities of treatment. Methodology The patients in this cross-sectional study were divided into two groups based on gender and their demographic data, clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis and response to treatment was assessed. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment options were used. Nonsurgical options employed in the study included immunotherapy, embolotherapy and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) Results Out of 43 patients, 74.4% were females with a male to female ratio of 1:3. The mean age at presentation in males was 27 years and 17 years in females. 60% of the male patients presented with high-flow AVMs while 81% of the female patients presented with low-flow lesions instead. Half of the AVMs in males were on the trunk whereas, in females, 93.9% were on the extremities. UGFS alone was used in 95.3% of patients while 32.5% of patients underwent UGFS followed by surgical excision. One patient was treated with sirolimus. In 4.6% of cases, embolization followed by surgical excision was performed. Recurrence was recorded in 20.9% of cases. Conclusions The clinical presentation of AVMs is notably different among the two genders. Sclerotherapy and embolotherapy proved to be effective treatment options. Larger studies, however, are needed to substantiate these claims. Keywords arteriovenous malformations, vascular malformations, sclerotherapy, embolotherapy, sirolimus

Background: Arteriovenous malformations result in abnormal communication between veins and arteries. Treatment of AVMs can be surgical or non-surgical. This study aimed to assess the response of Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) to various treatment modalities. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed at Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Midcity Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from January 2016 to June 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on gender. Their demographic data, clinical presentation, and treatments provided were assessed and comparison was done using Chi-Square Test. Results: Of the 43 patients, 74.4% (n=32) were females with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3. Mean age was 27± 6 years (males) and 17± 4 years (females). Low-flow AVMs were more prevalent in females (81%, n=27).  In males, 50% (n=5) AVMs were on the trunk whereas in females 93.9% (n=31) AVMs were on limbs.  Doppler-guided foam sclerotherapy (DGFS) as the sole treatment was used in 95.3% (n=41) patients while 32.5% (n=14) patients underwent DGFS followed by surgical excision. In 4.6% (n=2) cases, angioembolization followed by surgical excision was done. One patient was treated with sirolimus. Recurrence was found in 20.9% (n=9) cases, of which 66.6% (n=6) had high-flow AVMs. Conclusion: Male patients presented late and with mostly high-flow head and neck AVMs. Sclerotherapy alone or surgical excision with preoperative sclerotherapy or embolotherapy is an efficacious curative treatment for AVMs while sirolimus can be offered as a palliative option. Key words: Arteriovenous Malformations, Enbucrilate, Sclerotherapy, Vascular Malformations