Species belonging to Lamiaceae family are used as an antibacterial agent among medical plants. The aim of the present study was to determinate the antibacterial effects of the methanolic extracts of some plant species belonging Lamiaceae family which distributed to different ecological conditions in Amasya. The antibacterial effects of Stachys annua, Scutellaria salviifolia and Nepata nuda plant extracts were determined by disc diffusion and micro dilution methods. The antibacterial effects of plant extracts were tested against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70600, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. We observed that plant extracts had antibacterial effect when they compared with control group antibiotics. According to the results of disc diffusion method, the highest antibacterial effect was identified in Scutellaria salviifolia, Stachys annua and Nepata nuda, respectively. The microdilution method was studied concentration range from 6.25 -to 50 mg/ml. MICs of the most effective Scutellaria salviifolia plant extract were 12.5 mg/ml for S. aureus, S. enteritidis and E. coli; 25 mg/ml for K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The MICs of Stachys annua extract were 12.5 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis and E. coli; 25 mg/ml for S. aureus and 50 mg/ml for K. pneumoniae. MICs of Nepata nuda were 12.5 mg/ml K. pneumonia; 25 mg/ml for S. aureus; 50 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis and E. coli. This study showed that Scutellaria salviifolia, Stachys annua and Nepata nuda species have in vitro antibacterial activities.

résorption foliaire de l'azote et du phosphore dans une forêt non perturbée et dans une forêt plantée de Pinus pinaster ait. dans le nord de la turquie. -La résorption foliaire est étroitement liée à la sénescence et à la conservation des nutriments et protège la plante dans sa dépendance des apports du sol. Dans la présente étude, ont été étudiées dans le nord-est de la Turquie la dynamique foliaire de l'azote (N) et du phosphore (P), l'efficacité (RE) et la profitabilité (RP) de la résorption foliaire de quelques plantes décidues existant dans une forêt non perturbée et dans une autre plantée en Pinus pinaster Ait. En forêt non perturbée, on n'a pas observé de différences entre les espèces pour ce qui concerne l'efficacité et la profitabilité alors qu'en forêt plantée en P. pinaster des différences statistiquement significatives ont été notées entre les espèces pour ce qui concerne la NRE, la NRP et la CRE. La CRE est apparue plus élevée que chez les angiospermes et graminoïdes ligneux sempervirents présents dans la zone d'étude. La NRE était plus forte en forêt non perturbée qu'en forêt plantée en P. pinaster. Dans les deux forêts la résorption foliaire de l'azote et du phosphore était biochimiquement complète. Il a été trouvé que la limitation en phosphore se produisait dans les plantes décidues des deux forêts au niveau des rapports N/P durant la sénescence foliaire. De même, le rapport C/N s'est avéré élevé durant la sénescence. En forêt plantée en P. pinaster le rapport N/P et la NRE (tant en masse qu'en surface) sont apparus plus faibles qu'en forêt non perturbée.SUmmARY. -Foliar resorption is closely associated with leaf senescence and conservation of nutrients, and protects the plant dependence on soil supply. In this study, leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics, leaf resorption efficiency (RE) and resorption proficiency (RP) in some deciduous plants occurring in an undisturbed forest and a Pinus pinaster Ait. planted forest were investigated in northeastern Turkey. There were no significant differences among species with respect to foliar resorption efficiency and proficiency in undisturbed forest, whilst statistically significant differences were found among species regarding NRE, NRP and CRE in P. pinaster planted forest. CRE was found to be higher than for evergreen woody angiosperms and graminoids present in the study area. NRE was higher in undisturbed forest than in P. pinaster planted forest. In both forests foliar nitrogen and phosphorus resorption were biochemically complete. It was found that phosphorus limitation occurred in deciduous plants in both forests with respect to N/P ratios during leaf senescence. Similarly, C/N ratio was found to be high during senescence. In P. pinaster planted forest N/P ratio and NRE (both mass-and area-based) were found to be low as compared to undisturbed forest.Forests and tree plantations are increasingly considered for their central role as providers of habitat and regulators of global biogeochemical, temperature and water cycles. Forest

No abstract

Materials and methods Study area, sampling, and chemical analysisThree swamp forests were studied in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey (Figure 1). The first forest, known as Hacı Osman Forest (41°18′N, 36°55′E), covers approximately Abstract: Ellenberg developed a system that assigns indicator scores for habitat characteristics of individual plant species. Swamp forests are highly diverse ecological communities and include different plant species, all of which have different ecological requirements. Ellenberg's indicator values (EIVs) were calculated for soil pH and nitrogen (N) concentration in some swamp forest species in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. In this study, the EIVs for soil pH were usually similar in the swamp forest species studied, while some differences were found with respect to EIVs for soil nitrogen concentration. Tolerance values (TVs) of all of the studied species were higher than those reported in similar studies because EIVs and species abundance were high in the present study compared to similar studies. TVs (soil pH) were higher in Galeriç Forest than in the other 2 swamp forests. The differences among the swamp forest species studied with respect to EIVs might be explained on the basis of soil heterogeneity, even on a local scale.

The effect of disturbance factors such as grazing and cutting were investigated in some plants in central Black Sea Region of Turkey using Grime's CSR strategies and Ellenberg's indicator values (EIVs). Grime's CSR strategies were also determined by Pierce et al.'s (Funct Ecol 27:1002-1010, 2013) scheme because there were some inconsistencies between Grime's and Pierce et al.'s schemes. Secondary strategies in the study area found to be dominant and the dominance of secondary strategies are consistent with "intermediate disturbance hypothesis". All the EIVs were found to be significantly different in grazed vs non-ungrazed and cutted vs uncutted areas. PCA diagram showed that ungrazed and cutted areas are associated with EIVR, while grazed and uncutted plots are associated with EIVL, EIVM, EIVN and EIVT.