Summary Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the spread of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluation of sex- and hormone-dependent changes in body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, oxidative stress markers, and alterations in different types of memory in Sprague–Dawley rats fed with a high fat and high fructose (HFHF) diet were evaluated. After 12 weeks of feeding the male and female rats with HFHF, body weight gain, increase in blood pressure, and generation of dyslipidemia compared to the animals fed with chow diet were observed. Regarding memory, it was noted that gonadectomy reverted the effects of HFHF in the 24 h novel object recognition task and in spatial learning/memory analyzed through Morris water maze, males being more affected than females. Nevertheless, gonadectomy did not revert long-term memory impairment in the passive avoidance task induced by HFHF nor in male or female rats. On the other hand, sex-hormone–diet interaction was observed in the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. These results suggest that the changes observed in the memory and learning of MetS animals are sex- and hormone-dependent and correlate to an increase in oxidative stress.

No abstract

Introducción: El síndrome de burnout estudiantil es un fenómeno psicosocial producto de la exposición crónica a estresores propios del proceso formativo y en los aspirantes a la carrera de medicina confluyen factores desencadenantes como la exigencia académica y la competencia por ser seleccionado. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de burnout en aspirantes a la carrera de médico cirujano de una facultad de medicina particular de la ciudad de México. Método: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y analítico, realizado en 344 estudiantes de los grupo I y grupo II de los cursos propedéuticos de 2014. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala Unidimensional de Burnout Estudiantil y una encuesta sociodemográfica. El grado de burnout se determinó según el baremo propuesto por Barraza. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS Statistics 23. Resultados: Se detectó la presencia de burnout leve en ambos grupos de aspirantes. Los estudiantes del grupo GII presentaron mayor nivel de burnout. Este grupo se caracterizó por una mayor matrícula y menor edad. No hubo  correlación entre burnout y el sexo, así como con el tiempo de traslado. Conclusiones: El estudio muestra la presencia de un nivel leve del síndrome de burnout en aspirantes a la carrera de medicina. El incremento en la matrícula y, por lo tanto, del grado de competencia por ingresar en la carrera puede ser  en factor que favorezca el desarrollo de burnout.

In a previous study, we demonstrated that oral immunization using Autographa californica baculovirus driving the expression of the Gal-lectin LC3 fragment (AcNPV-LC3) of Entamoeba histolytica conferred protection against ALA development in hamsters. In this study, we determined the ability of AcNPV-LC3 to protect against ALA by the intramuscular route as well as the liver immune response associated with protection. Results showed that 55% of hamsters IM immunized with AcNPV-LC3 showed sterile protection against ALA, whereas other 20% showed reduction in the size and extent of abscesses, resulting in some protection in 75% of animals compared to the sham control group. Levels of protection showed a linear correlation with the development and intensity of specific antiamoeba cellular and humoral responses, evaluated in serum and spleen of hamsters, respectively. Evaluation of the Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns expressed in the liver of hamsters showed that sterile protection was associated with the production of high levels of IFNγ and IL-4. These results suggest that the baculovirus system is equally efficient by the intramuscular as well as the oral routes for ALA protection and that the Gal-lectin LC3 fragment is a highly protective antigen against hepatic amoebiasis through the local induction of IFNγ and IL-4.