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A series of 170 hypertensive patients suspected of suffering from renovascular disease have been subjected to various tests designed to identify the presence of a surgically remediable lesion. The presence of a pressor agent in the renal venous effluent, as determined by bioassay on the rat, has proven to be an accurate method for detecting the presence of renovascular hypertension responsive to surgical treatment. Split-function excretory tests, aortography, and other tests used for this purpose could not be relied on as the sole criterion as to whether surgical intervention is indicated in a given patient.