Energy poverty due to rising energy demand is a matter of global concern. Therefore, examination of the causes of energy poverty and development of effective solutions are urgent concerns. Using survey data on livelihood development in Tibetan farming and pastoral areas in 2019, this study applied logistic and ordinary least squares models to empirically investigate the factors that influence energy poverty in Tibet. We found that energy poverty is (1) unrelated to age, gender, education, marital status, political and village cadre experience, planting, or expenditures related to religious activities; (2) negatively correlated with migrant work, village status, household income, and traffic conditions; (3) positively correlated with employment, area, and breeding; and (4) both positively and negatively affected by family residence altitude. The results offer new insights and empirical evidence for the identification and elimination of energy poverty, improving livelihoods, and promoting rural revitalisation in Tibet.

The United Nations (UN) has identified the promotion of cleaner energy and improving women’s health as two important elements in achieving the global sustainable development goals. However, the impact of household clean energy consumption on women’s health needs to be further analyzed and improved based on new methods, new data, and new perspectives. This paper used the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study as the sample, and the Ordered Probit model, the instrumental variable (IV) approach, the conditional mixed process (CMP) method, and the mechanism analysis model were applied to empirically investigate the impact of cleaner household energy consumption on women’s health. The findings are the following: (1) It is found that cleaner household energy consumption improved women’s health, and after selecting “respondent’s regions of residence” as an IV to overcome endogenous issues, the estimated results remained significant. (2) The mechanistic estimation showed that air quality, social contact, and well-being play a mediating role in the effects of cleaner household energy consumption on women’s health, while digital ability plays a moderating role in the cleaner household energy consumption impact on women’s health. (3) This study further explored that cleaner household energy consumption significantly reduced the likelihood of women being diagnosed with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer, lung disease, asthma, and depression. The conclusion of this paper that “cleaner household energy can enhance the level of women’s health” supports the viewpoints of some present literature. At the same time, this paper puts forward four policy recommendations based on the research conclusions.

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Improving well-being is a critical problem for worldwide social progress. Research on well-being effects of clean household energy consumption is of great significance for the realization of United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Due to the multifaceted role of clean household energy in enhancing well-being as a sustainable development goal, it has attracted extensive academic attention and research but still needs to be further refined through new perspectives. This paper uses data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to conduct an empirical analysis of clean household energy consumption and residents’ well-being using an ordered probit model, the instrumental variables method, a conditional mixed process (CMP) method, and a mechanism analysis model. The results show that (1) household clean energy consumption contributes to residents’ well-being, and the results remained significant after selecting “Do you have an electric Bicycle?” as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity question. (2) According to heterogeneity research, women’s wellbeing is impacted by clean energy consumption in the household more than men’s. Only in rural locations can clean household energy consumption significantly boost well-being; urban and suburban areas are unaffected. (3) In the mechanism analysis, health condition and depression played a mediating role on the impact of clean household energy consumption on well-being, and social contact played a moderating role on the impact of clean household energy consumption on well-being. The findings and policy recommendations in this paper are suggestive of how we can improve the well-being of residents in low- and middle-income countries and provide reference values for research in related fields around the world.

Under the interactive background of more emphasis on low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural production modes and the coordinated development of agricultural foreign trade, China is paying more and more attention to the coordination between agricultural trade, economic development and ecological agriculture development. This paper selects the relevant data of China from 2002 to 2020 as the research object. Taking the agricultural carbon emission intensity as an indicator of environmental pollution, measuring it and then constructing a time series model for analysis, the research finds that, in the long run, the increase in agricultural carbon emission intensity in China will reduce the level of agricultural trade by 2%, which will also lead to a decline in the overall development level of the agricultural economy by 2 to 4 percent. At the same time, this paper also finds that the current situation of China’s agricultural trade reduces the development of China’s agriculture by 1%, which will also lead to an increase in agricultural carbon emission intensity by about 0.5%. Finally, this paper finds that the development of the agricultural economy makes the overall increase in agricultural trade 2%, and with the development of the agricultural economy, the agricultural carbon emission intensity decreases by 0.1%, but the impact is small. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the construction of a leadership mechanism, implement the development strategy of low-carbon agriculture and provide corresponding financial security and other policy suggestions to promote the coordinated development of China’s agricultural trade and low-carbon agricultural production environment.