We improve the surface of graphene by atomic layer deposition (ALD) without the assistance of a transition layer or surface functionalization. By controlling gas-solid physical adsorption between water molecules and graphene through the optimization of pre-H2O treatment and two-step temperature growth, we directly grew uniform and compact Al2O3 films onto graphene by ALD. Al2O3 films, deposited with 4-cycle pre-H2O treatment and 100-200 °C two-step growing process, presented a relative permittivity of 7.2 and a breakdown critical electrical field of 9 MV/cm. Moreover, the deposition of Al2O3 did not introduce any detective defects or disorders in graphene.

Effects of chitosan coating with cinnamon oil on the physiological attributes and preservation quality of China jujube fruits during storage at 4°C for 60 days were investigated. Results indicated that weight loss and decay of jujube fruits were significantly reduced by chitosan-oil coating during the period of 60-day storage, which also exhibited a quite beneficial effect on maintaining the sensory quality for jujube fruits. Meanwhile, the contents of vitamin C and titratable acid decreased to 3.08 mg·g−1 and 0.342% for the fruits treated by chitosan-oil coating (1.0% + 0.10%), respectively. Polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities were 13.40 U·g−1, 14.53 U·g−1, and 63.6 U·g−1 at the end of storage, respectively. The contents of total soluble phenolics and MDA were 34.51 mg·g−1 and 19.43 μmol·g−1 for the combined coating treated samples and control fruits, respectively. These results suggested that the chitosan-oil coating might be recognized as one efficiency technology on the preservation quality of jujube fruits during the storage time.

The effect of different coating materials on the biological characteristics and stability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated. Results indicated that the surface and microstructure of microcapsules were significantly affected by the type of coating material. A complex carrier could provide protection for L. acidophilus cells against simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Cell survivals give higher counts with 2.1 and 3.72 logarithmic cycle reduction found in microencapsulated L. acidophilus with complex wall materials and free cells after exposure to SIF for 180 min, respectively. Furthermore, at the high temperatures investigated, a higher cell survival rate in microcapsules embedded with complex materials was found than for free cells and those with other materials. Cell counts were reduced to 8.16, 7.17, and 6.42 log CFU mL À1 and 5.86, 4.29, and 2.32 log CFU mL À1 for microcapsules with complex materials and free cells treated at 50, 60 or 70 C for 20 min, respectively. Stability was also improved compared to free cells at refrigerated temperatures. For the cells that were released from microcapsules, the counts increased with a prolonged incubation time.Moreover, the survival rate of cells with microencapsulation was better than that of free cells at high concentrations of bile salt. Results showed that for improving protection against deleterious factors, complex materials might be a better choice for the preparation of microcapsules.