. Simulation modelling for food supply chain redesign; Integrated decision making on product quality, sustainability and logistics.

Background and Purpose-Today, treatment of acute stroke consists of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), admission to a stroke unit, and aspirin. Although tPA treatment is the most effective, there is substantial undertreatment. Centralized care may affect rate, timing, and outcome of thrombolysis compared to decentralized treatment in community hospitals. The present study aimed to assess the impact of organizational models on the proportion of patients undergoing tPA treatment. Methods-A prospective, multicenter, observational study among 13 hospitals in the North of the Netherlands was conducted.In the centralized model, tPA treatment for 4 hospitals was administered in 1 stroke center. The decentralized model comprised 9 community hospitals. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients treated with tPA. Secondary outcome measures were proportion of patients arriving within 4.5 hours, safety, 90-day functional outcome, and onset-to-door, door-to-needle, and onset-to-needle times. Potential confounders were adjusted using logistic regression analysis. Results-Two hundred eighty-three and 801 ischemic stroke patients were enrolled in the centralized and decentralized settings.

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