The use of weather satellite recordings has been growing rapidly over the last three decades. Determining the patterns between meteorological and topographical features is an important scientific job. Cloud cover analysis and properties can be of the utmost significance for potential cloud seeding. Here, the analysis of the cloud properties was conducted by means of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite recordings. The resolution of used data was 1 km2 within the period of 30 years (1989–2019). This research showed moderate changing of cloudiness in the territory of Serbia with a high cloudiness in February, followed by cloudiness in January and November. For the past three decades, May has been the month with the highest cloudiness. The regions in the east and south-west, and particularly in the west, have a high absolute cloudiness, which is connected with the high elevation of the country. By means of long term monitoring, the whole territory of Serbia was analyzed for the first time, in terms of cloudiness. Apart from the statistical and numerical results obtained, this research showed a connection between relief and clouds, especially in the winter season. Linear regression MK (Mann–Kendall test) has proven this theory right, connecting high elevation sides with high absolute cloudiness through the year.

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Recent climate changes cause significant natural and socio-economic consequences. They represent one of the major environmental problems of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Changes in temperature and precipitation play a significant role in understanding climate change issues. They include numerous extreme climatic events such as heat waves, droughts, forest fires and more. Looking at regional differences in temperature and precipitation regime change, Southern Europe, including the Republic of Serbia, occupies a special place. The Mačva district (3.272 km²) is almost four times as spacious as the Mačva area. The administrative-political division of the Mačva district is comprised of eight municipalities. The paper presents trends of two climate variables: mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation in the study area. In methodological sense, the main statistical procedure is the non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Data from three available meteorological stations in the Mačva district (1949-2015) were used for the analysis. The presented results of the trends in air temperature indicate that there is a statistically significant positive trend in all-time series. In trends, precipitation amounts a statistically significant positive trend was observed in two time series, while in one there is no trend. The expressed trends, especially in the case of air temperatures, lead to the possibility of drought. Mačva district and Mačva have some agricultural importance in the Republic of Serbia. For these reasons, some adaptation to climate change is needed as arid conditions lead to fluctuations in agricultural yield.

This paper presents the results of the analyzed trends for three categories of parameters: average annual air temperature (YT), average maximum air temperature (YTx) and average minimum air temperature (YTn) for the Podgorica Meteorological Station in the Republic of Montenegro. The aim of this paper is to present possible climate changes based on the results obtained from the analyzed air temperature trends. The methodology is based on the application of: a) linear trend equations, b) trend magnitudes and c) Mann-Kendall trend test. The data from the respectable meteorological station in Podgorica for the period from 1947 to 2018 were used in order to estimate the trend. The obtained results indicate a statistically significant positive trend for all analyzed time series. Analyzing the trend test hypotheses, it was concluded that in all three cases the Ha hypothesis prevails. Average annual air temperature in Podgorica increased by 1.4°C, average maximum air temperature increased by 2.5°C and average minimum air temperature increased by 0.6°C. In accordance with the trends analyzed, the increase in air temperature is dominant in the capital of the Republic of Montenegro.