SažetakProgram fiskalne konsolidacije u Srbiji zasniva se na smanjenju rashoda, povećanju budžetskih prihoda i povezanim strukturnim reformama i politikama koje podržavaju ekonomski rast. Tokom 2015. godine ostvareni fiskalni rezultati prevazišli su originalne i revidirane ciljeve postavljene u MMF programu. Rezultirajući deficit od 3,7 posto BDP predstavlja veliko poboljšanje od 2,9 procentnih poena u odnosu na 2014. Ovaj rezultat sadrži strukturno poboljšanje deficita od 2,5 procentnih poena, od čega se 1,5 procentni poen odnosi na trajno smanjenje rashoda, a 1,0 procentni poen na strukturno povećanje prihoda. Ovim se povećava ostvarenje u prvoj godini i stvara dodatni prostor za realizaciju preostalih strukturnih reformi.Program je dobro delovao na ekonomski rast koji je ostvaren sa +0,8 posto, 1,3 procentnih poena iznad projekcija MMF i drugih MFO. Sa ovakvim performansama Srbija može da postane primer tzv. "ekspanzivne štednje" koji pokazuje da programi fiskalne konsolidacije napravljeni na zdravim ekonomskim principima i sinhronizovani sa važnim strukturnim reformama i politikama mogu da generišu ekonomski rast. Pažljivo odmeravanje smanjenja rashoda kombinovano sa naporima za povećanje prihoda može da ima pozitivno dejstvo na rast čak i u najtežim uslovima.Pitanja političke ekonomije programa fiskalne konsolidacije i strukturnih reformi dobijaju na značaju u drugoj godini programa, a posebno nekoliko meseci pred vanredne parlamentarne izbore. U tom kontekstu potrebno je kreativno razmišljati kako da se javnosti objasni da završetak teških i već započetih reformi predstavlja dobitnu kombinaciju za sve, dok gotovo svi gube ukoliko reforme budu zaustavljene ili napuštene. AbstractFiscal consolidation in Serbia was built on broad-based expenditure cuts, better revenue performance, and related structural reforms and pro-growth policies. In 2015 the actual fiscal performance exceeded the original and revised deficit targets set in the IMF program. The final outcome was a deficit of 3.7 percent of GDP, a huge 2.9 percent improvement over 2014. The result contains a 2.5 percentage points of structural fiscal adjustment with 1.5 percentage points in permanent expenditure cuts and 1.0 percentage point in structural revenue improvements. This increases front loading and allows more fiscal space for the implementation of pending structural reforms.The program had a beneficial impact on economic growth which turned out positive at 0.8 percent, 1.3 percentage points above IMF and IFI projections. With this performance Serbia may become a case of "expansionary austerity", which demonstrates that fiscal consolidation programs designed in line with sound principles and synchronized with key structural reforms and pro-growth policies can generate growth. Carefully selected expenditure cuts combined with pro-growth revenue collection efforts can have expansionary effect on growth even under the most difficult circumstances.The political economy issues of fiscal consolidation and structural reforms gain increasing importanc...
U radu se pokazuje da Srbija mora da razreši kompleksan skup izazova koji je čekaju na putu Evrointegracija i približavanja evropskom kvalitetu života u razumnom roku. Da bi eliminisala kašnjenje u domenu institucija, infrastrukture i dohodaka u odnosu stare članice EU, i istovremeno uspešno odgovorila na verovatne pritiske koje će stvarati četvrta industrijska revolucija tražeći duboke socijalne, industrijske i organizacione promene, Srbija će morati pre svega da se izbori sa institucionalnim bremenom prošlosti koje se danas direktno suprotstavlja uvođenju modernih, efikasnih i transparentnih upravljačkih sistema u državi, javnom i privatnom sektoru. Institucionalni i ekonomsko-politički scenario koji podržava takvu putanju razvoja je zahtevniji od alternativa, ali on nudi relativno brzu konvergenciju dohotka na osnovu pametne industrijske politike i dubokih strukturnih promena ekonomske organizacije, obrazovnog i socijalnog sistema. Novi društveni konsensus neće biti lako dostići, ali je on vredan truda pošto će konačno ponuditi osnovu da se minimiziraju budući rizici lošeg upravljanja i osigura trajni prosperitet u stalnim izazovima novog digitalnog sveta.
The political economy issues of fiscal consolidation and structural reforms gain increasing importance in the last year of the program, two months ahead of presidential elections. Fresh thinking is needed to demonstrate that the completion of difficult reforms is a win-win for all, and most everybody loses if reforms are stalled or abandoned. Keywords: fiscal consolidation, fiscal deficit, fiscal stimulus, public debt, structural reforms, austerity, contractionary fiscal policy, expansionary fiscal policy, economic growth, expenditure cutting measures, revenue enhancing measures SažetakProgram fiskalne konsolidacije u Srbiji zasniva se na sveobuhvatnom programu smanjenja rashoda, povećanju budžetskih prihoda i povezanim strukturnim reformama i politikama koje podržavaju ekonomski rast. Tokom prve dve godine programa ostvareni fiskalni rezultati prevazišli su originalne i revidirane ciljeve postavljene u MMF programu. U 2015. stvarni deficit (3.7 posto BDP) prebacuje cilj za 2.2 procentna poena. U 2016 realizacija je dalje unapređena tako da je stvarni deficit (1.36 posto BDP) bio za 2.6 procentnih poena bolji od plana. Ovaj rezultat sadrži strukturno poboljšanje deficita od 4.4 procentnih poena čime se prebacuje cilj programa godinu dana pre roka. U tome, prihodi doprinose 3.5 procentna poena, plate u javnom sektoru 1.0, penzije 0.6 a povecanje rashoda oduzima -0.7.Program je dobro delovao na ekonomski rast. Pad je preokrenut u trećem kvartalu i oživljavanje je krenulo krajem 2014 i početkom 2015 tako da je za celu godinu ostvaren rast od +0.8 posto. Rast se dalje oporavio tokom 2016 (+2.8 posto), očekuje se da bude 3.0 posto u 2017. i da se stabilizuje na oko 3.5 posto nakon toga. Ovakvim performansama Srbija može da postane primer tzv. "ekspanzivne štednje" koji pokazuje AbstractFiscal consolidation in Serbia was based on a comprehensive, multiyear program built on broad-based expenditure cuts, better revenue performance, and related structural reforms and pro-growth policies. During the first two year of implementation the actual fiscal performance substantially exceeded the original and revised deficit targets set in the IMF supported three-year precautionary program. In 2015, the actual deficit (3.7 percent of GDP) exceeded program target by 2.2 percentage points. In 2016 the implementation performance further improved as the actual deficit (1.36 percent of GDP) was 2.6 percentage points better than the plan. The result implies a 4.4 percentage point structural deficit adjustment which exceeds the program target one year ahead of schedule. In this, revenues contribute 3.5 percentage points, public wages 1.0, pensions 0.6 and reversals of structural expenditure savings take away -0.7.The program had a beneficial impact on economic growth. The economy bottomed-out in the third quarter and started recovering in late 2014-early 2015 leading to a positive 0.8 percent growth for the entire year. The growth further recovered in 2016 (+2.8 percent) and is expected to reach 3 percent in 2017 and stabilize at 3.5 per...
The use of non-market mechanisms for allocation and distributiongives rise to hidden jlows (rents) not captured in market-based national statistical sources. This paper develops an operational framework for quantifying the magnitude of these hidden jlows and their percolation throughout the economy. The price-equivalents of the nonmarket controls are first calculated and a social accounting matrix framework is then used to trace the distribution of these rents among all the institutional actors in the economy. The methodology is applied to Yugoslav data for 1987. Our analysis indicates that domestic price and quantity controls were a much larger source of rents than import controls. W e also demonstrate that the overall impact of the non-market distortions was to impart an anti-production, overinvestment bias to the economy.
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