Purpose: Previous studies suggested pressure‐related factors to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aim to correlate systemic and ocular pressure‐related factors with anatomic parameters in control subjects and in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: We included 31 control subjects, 32 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR and 37 patients with DR. The following parameters were evaluated: best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) (mmHg), body mass index (BMI), mean blood pressure (MBP) (mmHg), HbA1c (%), estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) (mmHg), trans‐laminar pressure difference (TLPD) (mmHg), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) (mmHg), axial length (AL) (mm), spherical equivalence (SE) (D) and OCT parameters (optic disk area (mm2), optic cup/disk (C/D) ratio, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (NFLT) (μm), foveal thickness (μm), average macular thickness (AMT) (μm)). We used either Pearson's or Spearman' coefficient of correlation depending on data distribution. Results were considered statistically significant with p value < 0.05. Results: Presence of DM had a significant low association with CSFP (Rs = 0.28, p = 0.006), BMI (Rs = 0.24, p = 0.019) and with AL (Rs = −0.27, p = 0.011). CSFP had a significant low association with SE (R = −0.38, p = 0.002) and with NFLT (R = 0.27, p = 0.046) only in patients with DM. TLPD had a significant low association with optic C/D ratio in control subjects (R = 0.45, p = 0.014) and a significant low association with NFLT in patients with DM (R = −0.35, p = 0.007). In patients with DM, IOP had a significant low association with MBP (R = 0.26, p = 0.032), BMI (R = 0.29, p = 0.017) and CSFP (R = 0.29, p = 0.017), whereas in control subjects IOP had a significant moderate association with optic C/D ratio (R = 0.57, p = 0.001) and a significant low association with AMT (R = −0.43, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Systemic and ocular pressure related factors have different correlation patterns in patients with DM than in control subjects.